Kaiser, Franziska: Ectopic expression of transcription factors to overcome the lineage barrier between embryonic stem cells and trophoblast stem cells in mouse and human. - Bonn, 2023. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-70479
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/10775,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-70479,
author = {{Franziska Kaiser}},
title = {Ectopic expression of transcription factors to overcome the lineage barrier between embryonic stem cells and trophoblast stem cells in mouse and human},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2023,
month = apr,

note = {The placenta is a transient organ that exhibits various essential functions during pregnancy that allow for proper development of the embryo. Placenta and embryo originate from the first lineage separation in mammalian development when totipotent cells of the zygote differentiate into inner cell mass, trophectoderm and primitive endoderm. The trophectoderm gives rise to the embryonic part of the placenta whereas the inner cell mass will develop into the embryo. This study focuses on the so-called trophoblast stem cells that can be derived from the trophectoderm and are studied as its in vitro equivalents. They are strictly separated from embryonic stem cells that can be derived from the inner cell mass. Even though there are several differences between murine and human placental development, which will also be highlighted in the course of this study, the murine prenatal development can be studied as an appropriate approximation to human development.
Here, it is first assessed how murine embryonic stem cells can be fully converted to trophoblast stem cells by ectopically overexpressing trophoblast specific transcription factors which are incorporated into the genome by lentiviral transduction. Obtained induced trophoblast stem cells are indistinguishable from wildtype trophoblast stem cells in terms of morphology, gene expression, cell surface markers and specific epigenetic patterns when transgene expression of Gata3, Eomes, Tfap2c, Ets2 and Cdx2 is activated for three days in embryonic stem cells. After demonstrating a complete cell fate change in murine stem cells, this approach is extended to the respective human system. For ethical reasons, conversion experiments are performed with human induced pluripotent stem cells instead of human embryonic stem cells. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are transduced with different combinations of lentiviruses carrying human trophoblast specific transcription factors. An initial induction of trophoblast fate is detectable, when TFAP2C, TFAP2A, GATA2 and GATA3 are overexpressed in human induced pluripotent stem cells.
Interestingly, trophoblast fate is not only controlled by distinct transcription factor networks but also by important signaling pathways such as KIT receptor signaling. To this end, this study can show that constitutively active KIT signaling results in increased invasive capacity of trophoblast giant cells and irregular differentiation of trophoblast stem cells. In conclusion, it can be demonstrated that placental development is relying on strictly regulated mechanisms, where any errors occurring in development can lead to adverse effects for the unborn fetus.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/10775}
}

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