Schröder, Rebekka: A comprehensive investigation into the human smooth pursuit eye movement system. - Bonn, 2023. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-71184
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/10907,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-71184,
author = {{Rebekka Schröder}},
title = {A comprehensive investigation into the human smooth pursuit eye movement system},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2023,
month = jun,

note = {Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are used to maintain the image of a slowly moving stimulus on the fovea. Previous findings on this major oculomotor system show that SPEM performance is degraded in the presence of a structured vs. blank background (background effect) and at faster vs. slower target velocities (velocity effect). In addition, SPEM is considered an important biomarker in schizophrenia research: patients with schizophrenia often present with impaired SPEM performance. However, the exact psychological, molecular, and neural mechanisms underlying SPEM in healthy individuals and in patients with schizophrenia are not well understood.
This dissertation aimed to investigate these mechanisms in more detail. To this end, data from five experimental studies are reported. Study I focused on the reliability of SPEM performance in general and, additionally, the reproducibility and reliability of the background and velocity effects. In Study II, a pharmacogenetic study design was used to investigate the associations of the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems with SPEM: Nicotine or placebo was administered to participants grouped according to their genotypes on a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in the SLC6A3 gene coding for the dopamine transporter (DAT). The other studies incorporated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to examine the functional connectivity of areas active during SPEM (Studies III–V). In addition, the neural mechanisms underlying the background and velocity effects (Study IV), and differences in the neural correlates of SPEM between patients with schizophrenia and individuals with varying expressions of the personality trait schizotypy were investigated using machine learning methods (Study V).
Across all studies, SPEM task effects were found to be very robust. Their high reliability was demonstrated in Study I. However, neither the drug factor (nicotine, placebo) nor the SLC6A3 VNTR genotype factor (9R-carriers, 10R-homozygotes), alone or in interaction, had a significant effect on SPEM performance in Study II. The good replicability of the network underlying SPEM, consisting of visual areas in the occipital cortex, parietal and frontal areas (frontal and supplementary eye fields; SEF, FEF), the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and cingulate cortex, was underlined in Studies III–V. Functional connectivity analyses provided evidence of close cooperation between these areas during SPEM (Studies III–V). While the velocity effect was mainly associated with activations in visual areas, the background effect exhibited more widely distributed activations in clusters encompassing visual, frontal, and parietal areas (Study IV). Only very small deficits in SPEM performance were found in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (Study V), contradicting previous findings. However, a combination of functional connectivity and machine learning approaches cautiously suggested that altered functional connectivity from the right FEF may be present in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
The findings presented here highlight the high replicability of the background and velocity effects and of the activity in the neural network associated with SPEM. The functional connectivity of the components of this network was demonstrated for the first time and showed consistency across studies. SPEM deficits in patients with schizophrenia were more subtle than previously reported. In summary, these findings add considerably to the existing research literature on SPEM, but also leave some questions open for future research.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/10907}
}

The following license files are associated with this item:

InCopyright