Zhuang, Liyan: Dynamics of multiple elements in litter decomposition under various disturbances. - Bonn, 2023. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-72549
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/11077,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-72549,
author = {{Liyan Zhuang}},
title = {Dynamics of multiple elements in litter decomposition under various disturbances},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2023,
month = sep,

note = {Both artificial disturbance and climate change regimes can strongly affect soil carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient dynamics through decomposition processes of above- and belowground residues in terrestrial ecosystems. This requires new directions in managing future forests. I conducted decomposition experiments on foliage and root litter in different ecosystems and different types of disturbance, including nitrogen deposition, elevation gradients, and clearcutting. My thesis aims to: i) investigate the decomposition and nutrient release pattern of contrasting litter species in response to N deposition in already nitrogen-rich subtropical forests; ii) compare the carbon decomposition of belowground root litter (humification and mineralization) in response to an elevation gradient in an alpine forest; and iii) explore the role of litter affinity, in particular home-field advantage, on litter decomposition and nutrient mineralization after clearcutting in a temperate forest that is managed to achieve a conversion from monospecific plantations to more natural deciduous forests in a temperate climate.
I collected leaf and root samples from local ecosystems and conducted litterbag experiments in individual forest ecosystems, respectively. Three main experiments were performed. In the first experiment, one-year in situ decomposition of low-quality Michelia wilsonii and high-quality Camptotheca acuminata with N additions (0 kg N ha-1 yr-1, 20 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 40 kg N ha-1 yr-1) at the western edge of the Sichuan Basin of China was studied. In particular, mass loss rate, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus dynamic were studied. The second experiment was a two-year litterbag experiment with root litter of three diameter classes (0-2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm) of two common subalpine tree species (Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana) at two elevations (3037 m and 3580 m, varied in soil temperature, moisture and snowpack) on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. This experiment focused in particular on humification, humified substance was extracted with modified alkaline extraction. Thirdly, a transplant reciprocal litter decomposition experiment of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) within the forest and clear-cut area and for two soil types (Cambisols and Gleysols) in Eifel National Park (Wüstebach Germany) was performed; decomposition home-field advantage, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and of the stable isotopes d13C and d15N were determined.
My results indicated that nitrogen addition negatively affected low-quality M. wilsonii litter decomposition, but not high-quality C. acuminata litter. Nitrogen addition caused immobilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in M. wilsonii which decreased the carbon-to-phosphorus ratios in the later decomposition stages. Nitrogen addition had no effect on carbon mineralization for both species. When considering the climatic condition, elevation gradients did not affect formation of humic substances from roots. Snowpack and freeze-thaw cycles change with elevation. This offsets the expected temperature effect on the belowground root humification process in an alpine forest. However, root diameter increases with cellulose and carbon-to-phosphorus ratio, leading to decreased mass loss rate and concentrations of humic substance, humic acid and fulvic acid. Clearcutting management significantly elevated soil moisture and temperature status, changed the field-litter affinity of spruce forest (masked decomposition home-field advantage in a spruce forest). Increased beech decomposition rate and litter nitrogen release further promoted soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in the clearcut site. This phenomenon was more evident in the comparable acidic and moisture-deficient Cambisols than in Gleysols present in the catchment.
In summary, my study clearly demonstrated that the decomposition rate, as well as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus release from leaf and root litter are highly related to litter substrate quality in forest ecosystems. I especially saw a diversity of responses in term of litter quality and extreme disturbance condition. Therein, nitrogen deposition and elevation had less influence on carbon loss of native litter, whereas clearcutting management promoted the decomposition of non-dominant species. Suppression of nutrient release from high-lignin litter under disturbance and warming condition underlined the necessity to reconsider the current forest structure and management. This study illustrates how disturbance and climate change impact, together with plant species and edaphic conditions at local levels, can help explain external-induced changes in ecosystem functions such as soil organic matter formation and nutrient cycling and provide a basis for further development of sustainable forest management.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/11077}
}

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