Bako, Michael: Development of an experimental gravimetric geoid model for Nigeria. - Bonn, 2024. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80217
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/12644,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80217,
author = {{Michael Bako}},
title = {Development of an experimental gravimetric geoid model for Nigeria},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2024,
month = dec,

note = {Due to the increasing demand for precise mapping, surveying, geodesy, and large-scale infrastructure projects, the establishment of a precise national geoid model for Nigeria is essential. In this doctoral thesis, an experimental gravimetric geoid model customized for Nigeria has been developed. This model integrates various data sources, including terrestrial gravity data, shipborne gravity measurements, satellite altimetry-derived gravity data, and contributions from Global Geopotential Models (GGMs). One of the objective of this research is to conduct validation of geoid height from GGM using GNSS/levelling data over Nigeria. The results of this evaluation confirm that the application of the Spectral Enhancement Method (SEM) has improved the assessment of GGM solutions in an unbiased manner. Integrating XGM2019e_2159 and SRTM data to constraint the high-frequency component of geoid heights in GOCE-based GGMs leads to an approximately 10% improvement in reducing the standard deviation (SD) relative to when the SEM was not applied. TIM_R6 at spherical harmonics (SH) up to degree and orders (d/o) 260 demonstrates the least SD when compared with DIR_R6 and SPW_R5, with a reduction from 0.380 m without SEM application to 0.342 m with SEM implementation. Additionally, four transformation models comprise: linear, four-parameter, five-parameter, and seven-parameter models were evaluated. The objective is to mitigate reference system offsets between the GNSS/levelling data and the GGMs, and to identify the particular parametric model with smallest SDs across all GGMs. This effort reduced the GGMs' misfits to GNSS/levelling to 0.30 m, a 15.3% decrease in SD. Notably, the XGM2019e_2159 model provides this improvement. As an independent validation, recent high-degree combined global gravity-field models were evaluated against terrestrial gravity data to determine the most adequate/suitable global model within the study area. The results indicate that XGM2019e_2159 outperformed other evaluated models, achieving accuracies of 6.24 mGal in term of SD. Furthermore, an evaluation and homogenization of a marine gravity database from shipborne and satellite altimetry-derived gravity data over the coastal region of Nigeria was carried out. The analysis showed that DTU21GRA outperformed the other models in the same region when compared with shipborne data. The refined shipborne data were merged with the DTU21GRA data using Least-Squares Collocation (LSC) to create a combined dataset. An independent validation against 100 randomly selected shipborne gravity points that are not included in the LSC procedures confirmed the improvement after the integration procedure. Additionally, comparisons between the complete refined shipborne data and the combined dataset revealed that the mean offset and SD values decreased from 0.43 to 0.02 mGal and 3.14 to 2.69 mGal, respectively, which reveal an improvement in the final combined data. Gravimetric geoid models were generated using refined shipborne data and combined gravity datasets. The Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) was derived using the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) 21 Mean Sea Surface (MSS) and validated against the Center National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES-CLS22) MDT. The geoid model constructed with the combined gravity data showed slight improvement in the mean values, decreasing from 0.924 to 0.923 m when evaluated against the CNES-CLS22 MDT. Finally, an experimental gravimetric geoid model customized for Nigeria, designated as Nigeria-Experimental Geoid Model (NG-EGM2024), was computed. This computation employed the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) method within the Remove-Compute-Restore (RCR) procedure. NG-EGM2024 integrate various datasets, including gravity anomalies from the combined global geopotential model XGM2019e_2159 up to SH d/o 360, along with terrestrial gravity datasets comprising 1055 gravity field anomalies and approximately 2026 and 3371 shipborne and satellite-altimetry gravity anomalies respectively. The results of comparisons between the 10 GNSS/levelling geoid undulations and the computed geoid model NG-EGM2024 revealed that the gravimetric geoid over Nigeria exhibits an accuracy of 10.8 cm accuracy in terms of SD.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/12644}
}

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