Corbin, Armin: Enhancing Numerical Simulation of Mass Density in Earth's Upper Atmosphere using Data Assimilation. - Bonn, 2025. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-83702
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/13199,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-83702,
doi: https://doi.org/10.48565/bonndoc-596,
author = {{Armin Corbin}},
title = {Enhancing Numerical Simulation of Mass Density in Earth's Upper Atmosphere using Data Assimilation},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = jul,

note = {The atmosphere's mass density is variable in space and time and directly proportional to atmospheric drag, which decelerates all objects in the atmosphere. Thus, the mass density should be specified with high accuracy and precision for applications depending on atmospheric drag acceleration, such as precise orbit determination, satellite lifetime assessment, and satellite re-entry prediction. The lower a satellite's orbit, the larger the atmospheric drag. Thus, atmospheric drag is especially of concern for low-Earth orbiting satellites. The mass density is not directly observed along satellite orbits but is simulated by physics-based numerical or empirical models. Numerical models providing the mass density suffer from simplifications, assumptions, discretization, uncertain parameters, idealized external forcings with limited temporal resolution, and unrealistic boundary conditions. Thus, the mass density predictions of numerical models show significant differences compared to other models and observations. Data assimilation is the combination of observations and models, taking into account their uncertainties. Several studies demonstrated that data assimilation enhances the prediction skills of numerical atmosphere models. However, data assimilation experiments require significant computational resources and typically cover only periods lasting a few days. In addition, the uncertainty of the model forecasts is tailored to the specific conditions of the assimilation experiment and is not transferable to other periods. Moreover, spurious correlations in the model covariances often require localization, which limits the improvements of the models to the vicinity of the sparse observations. Here, I implement a new assimilation system for the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model using the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework to address those limitations. Time-variable perturbations of the model inputs allow a realistic representation of the model's uncertainty. They reduce spurious long-range correlations in the model covariances and adapt to the time-variable conditions in the Earth's space environment. The assimilation of accelerometer-derived mass densities enhanced the models' prediction skills globally in three about two-week-long validation periods covering solar minimum and maximum conditions, quiet times, and geomagnetic storms. As semi-empirical atmosphere models represent a harmonized collection of a substantial record of observations, it is much more straightforward to assimilate their output instead of assimilating the corresponding observations separately. This approach corrected the model's mass density estimation during geomagnetic quiet conditions. As the physical and chemical processes within the atmosphere couple the electron number density and the mass density, the assimilation of one can correct the estimate of the other. However, the assimilation of electron number densities from an empirical model did not improve the mass density prediction compared to accelerometer-derived mass densities. Co-estimation of model parameters enables the correction of model dynamics. Here, a single parameter, the Joule heating factor, was co-estimated. The default Joule heating factor was found to fit well with the corresponding period.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/13199}
}

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