Hahn, Frank: Development of Methods for Solid Phase Synthesis of Polyamine Conjugates and Initial Biological Evaluation of Their Potential to Enhance Cellular Uptake. - Bonn, 2008. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-15774
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3699,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-15774,
author = {{Frank Hahn}},
title = {Development of Methods for Solid Phase Synthesis of Polyamine Conjugates and Initial Biological Evaluation of Their Potential to Enhance Cellular Uptake},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2008,
note = {Cationic peptides have shown their potency to efficiently enhance cellular uptake of covalently coupled molecules. In order to avoid their rapid degradation by peptidases, diverse classes of peptide mimics like peptoids, β-peptides, and oligocarbamates were exploited. Polyamines, although bearing high density of positive charges at physiological pH, found only less regard for the purpose to act as covalently coupled drug delivery agents.
To solve problems, which occurred during the synthesis of polyamines, a solid phase strategy was developed, which especially allows the generation of acid sensitive polyamine-conjugates. On the strongly acid labile trityl linkers, which allow the mild cleavage from the resin, the Aloc group was introduced into polyamine chemistry, to serve for the permanent protection of the backbone amines. Fukuyama alkylation was identified as the method of choice for backbone elongation. Compatibility with the protection group strategy was demonstrated and the reaction conditions were optimised. Finally, Fukuyama alkylation allowed the introduction of a variety of functional groups, which could not be used with other frequently used alkylation methods. The combination of trityl linker and Aloc-, o-Nosyl-, and Dde-protection groups allowed branching by introduction of side chains on particular amines of the backbone. For this, Reductive amination turned out to be the appropriate alkylation method. For the bioconjugation of polyamines, the Michael addition of thiols to maleimides was exploited, which already showed its utility to couple large molecules like oligonucleotides and peptides. After introduction of a maleimide to an immobilised polyamine, its reaction with different sulfides was investigated. It showed suitability to efficiently couple diverse sulfides of medium polarity on polystyrene resins. The vice versa strategy, integration of a thiol on the immobilised polyamine and coupling with maleimides was also investigated. The coupling with 2 iminothiolane showed to be superior to all other examined methods. An alkoxytrityl resins with even higher acid sensitivity than most commercially available resins, was prepared. On this resin, coupling with 2-iminothiolane allows the quick generation of polyamine conjugates under very mild conditions. The selectivity of 2-iminothiolane for primary amines supersedes the use of complex protection schemes. The synthetic methods were used to generate a variety of polyamine conjugates with nucleosides, fluorophores, porphyrin, Indomethacin, and a radical scavenger. Evaluation of some of these conjugates by fluorescence microscopy showed enhanced cellular uptake. Intensive investigation on the amphiphilic polyamine-porphyrin conjugate showed a mitochondrial localisation. Irradiation caused severe cell damage. Co-cultures of mammalian cells with tumour cells or bacteria, respectively, showed a beneficial differentiation between those cell types. As the uptake into tumour cells was faster than into bacteria, which was again faster than that into mammalian cells, the compound is a candidate for application in photodynamic therapy. Toxicological data for most of the tested compounds were determined by the MTT assay.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3699}
}

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