Guimarães Callado, Sandra Maria: Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Cashew Systems in North-east Brazil. - Bonn, 2009. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-16762
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3939,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-16762,
author = {{Sandra Maria Guimarães Callado}},
title = {Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Cashew Systems in North-east Brazil},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2009,
month = feb,

note = {This study aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the status and development prospects of the cashew farming systems in North-east Brazil, where thousands of small growers depend on cashew production. The smallholder units are important economic-social groups within rural areas in the north-eastern region. After the introduction of dwarf-precocious cashew, the resulting higher cashew yields in the north-eastern region brought about great expectations concerning the rural and regional development prospects due to the increasing income of growers.
This study is an inquiry into the cashew sector, focusing on the states of Ceará and Piauí, main producers of cashew in Brazil. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the cashew farming systems, identifying the main aspects that affect the yields of the cashew farming systems. Specifically, this research main focuses were on: (i) general characteristics and classification of the cashew growers and their farming systems, specially the factors that affect the cashew nut productivity in both states; (ii) litter fall production and biomass partitioning of the common and dwarf-precocious types of cashew tree and; (iii) an accounting of inputs and outputs of environmental and economic contributions to the cashew farming systems. To collect all this data, 254 farmers were interviewed and an experiment of litter fall was conducted during 24 months at EMBRAPA-Pacajus, Ceará.
The main results of this study were: (i) cashew farmers in the states of Ceará and Piauí had different characteristics and a cluster analysis helped to identify seven homogenous groups from the large number of cashew farming systems observed in this study; (ii) cashew nut production in North-east Brazil was variable across climatic, geographic and agronomic conditions; (iii) the common cashew tree had higher litter fall production. Additionally, the common type also showed better dynamic stability of litter fall production; (iv) the dwarf-precocious cashew tree demonstrated greater biomass production and accumulated more energy in terms of biomass partitioning. Beside this, higher cashew production was observed in the dwarf-precocious type; (v) the energetic assessment of inputs and outputs of farming systems is a viable tool to qualify and quantify the environmental and economic functioning of agricultural ecosystems. The environmental comparison becomes even more convincing when solar transformity is used as a common yardstick and; (vi) the homestead cashew farming system outyielded all other systems in terms of environmental performance and sustainability. The higher cashew yield of the Irrigated model could only be achieved at the expense of higher ELR (Emergy Load Ratio) and EER (Emergy Exchange Ratio).},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3939}
}

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