Kesireddy, Venu: Consequences of Xirp2 knockdown in skeletal muscle cells. - Bonn, 2011. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-25639
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/4992,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-25639,
author = {{Venu Kesireddy}},
title = {Consequences of Xirp2 knockdown in skeletal muscle cells},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2011,
month = jul,

note = {Skeletal muscle differentiation is characterized by a remarkable reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In particular actin and actin binding proteins play a vital role in this process. Actin is reorganized from stress fiber like structures to finely organized myofibrillar arrangement. Several proteins have been implicated to function in this complex process. Recently, the striated muscle-specific protein Xin was predicted to play an essential role in early heart formation. This assumption was mainly based on the observation that the treatment of developing chick embryos with antisense oligonucleotides targeting the Xin mRNA resulted in abnormal cardiac morphogenesis (Wang et al., 1999). Therefore, depletion of Xin in mice was also predicted to have identical lethal effects on murine heart development. However, in two different mouse models, the ablation of Xirp1 (the gene encoding Xin) only resulted in a mild hypertrophic response and knockout mice were found to be viable and fertile (Gustafson-Wagner et al., 2007; Otten et al., 2010). It was suggested that the lack of Xin protein is compensated by the presence of Xirp2, a closely related protein in the mammalian genome encoded by the Xirp2 gene (Gustafson-Wagner et al., 2007).
In this work, I aimed to analyze the role of both proteins in normal skeletal muscle differentiation and the possible trans-complementation of Xin by Xirp2 in Xin knockout mice. The expression pattern of both Xin and Xirp2 in cultured differentiating murine and human skeletal muscle cells was analyzed by semi quantitative real time PCR and immunofluorescence stainings, respectively. Furthermore, the consequence of the depletion of these proteins (either individual or combined depletion) in skeletal muscle cell differentiation models was studied. Depletion of Xin was achieved making use of satellite cells isolated from Xin-/- mice previously established in our laboratory (Otten et al., 2010), whereas shRNAmir based Xirp2 knockdown using lentiviral vectors was applied in muscle cell lines and in primary muscle cells isolated from wild type (SV129 strain) and Xin-/- mice.
To start with, a multipurpose lentiviral vector system for expressing miRNA 30-based short hairpins (shRNAmirs) for RNAi was created. The core of the resulting vector system, pLVmir, allowed a simple two step cloning procedure for expressing shRNAmirs under the control of a Pol II promoter in both a constitutive and a conditional manner with GFP as a co-expressing reporter. This novel set of lentiviral vectors was used to knockdown Xirp2 mRNA expression in five different kinds of cultured myogenic cells. Cell lines stably expressing shRNAmirs were established by selecting GFP positive cells by FACS. Consequences of the lack of Xirp2 and / or Xin on myofibril assembly were analyzed by immunolocalization studies of myofibrillar proteins.
The achieved results indicated that knocking down of Xirp2 was efficient and specific and had no effect on the expression of the closely related protein Xin. In the various cell types tested, Xirp2 knockdown exhibited variable alterations in myofibril formation. While in H-2Kb-tsA58 myotubes, Xirp2 knockdown alone showed no major disruption of myofibril assembly, in Xin-/- primary murine muscle cells, Xirp2 knockdown resulted in the development of thinner myotubes that differentiated up to a less advanced degree when compared to wild type cells. In C2C12 and HSKM cells Xirp2 knockdown was accompanied by a disruption of myofibril development and relatively fewer maturely differentiated cells compared to control cells. Semi quantitative RT-PCR experiments revealed that Xirp1 was expressed at earlier developmental stages as compared to Xirp2 in differentiating skeletal muscle cells. Specific antibodies localized human Xirp2 to mature myofibrils in a striated pattern in human skeletal muscle tissues and HSKM cells, whereas Xin was mainly found in the non-striated regions of nascent myofibrils and in structures analogous to the myotendinous junctions of adult muscle. Combined with the finding that Xirp2 knocked down cells showed no alteration in Xin expression levels or localization, these data provided no evidence for a trans-complementation of Xirp2 by Xin. The phenotypes of single and double gene depletions suggested that Xirp2 plays a more significant role in myofibrillar development compared to Xin since primary muscle cells from Xin-/- mice differentiated without any disorganization in their myofibrillar arrangement.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/4992}
}

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