Cho, Jungho: Wet Path Delay Corrections from Line-of-Sight Observations of Effelsberg’s Water Vapour Radiometer for Geodetic VLBI Sessions. - Bonn, 2012. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-29207
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/5117,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-29207,
author = {{Jungho Cho}},
title = {Wet Path Delay Corrections from Line-of-Sight Observations of Effelsberg’s Water Vapour Radiometer for Geodetic VLBI Sessions},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2012,
month = aug,

note = {Water vapour induced excess path lengths in electromagnetic waves have been one of the most unmanageable errors in space geodesy, such as GPS and VLBI. The difficulty mainly comes from the highly variable distribution of atmospheric water vapour both in time and space. In general, these wet path delays cannot be estimated accurately by atmospheric models that are conventionally used in space geodetic applications. In the last few decades, water vapour radiometry has shown great potential for measuring atmospheric water vapour content. However, the wet path delay retrieval processes are strongly dependent on radiosonde data, although periodic radiosonde observations are rarely available in the vicinity of water vapour radiometers (WVRs). Radiosonde observations are weather profiles from balloon starts which are transmitted by radio signals. On the other hand, the possibility of using a numerical weather model (NWM) instead of a radiosonde has been on the increase in recent years. NWM can provide meteorological profiles for those places where radiosonde data is not available.
The focus of this thesis is mainly on the improvement of the wet path delay corrections in geodetic VLBI sessions using the WVR observations at the 100m Effelsberg radio telescope. Compared to other WVRs, the Effelsberg one has a great advantage in terms of observation. It always points at the same direction as the VLBI antenna because it has been installed on the prime focus cabin of the telescope. However the Effelsberg station does not make periodic radiosonde observations. To overcome this weakness, the numerical weather model of the European Centre of Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was introduced. It provides meteorological profiles over Effelsberg such as atmospheric pressures, temperatures, and water vapour pressures. Those profiles were processed by a radiative transfer model, which calculates theoretical measurements of brightness temperature and converts them into wet path delays. These two models were combined to be compared with WVRobserved wet path delays.
For a better comparison between wet path delays from the WVR and the models, zenith wet delays (ZWDs) were used. As the results of the comparison illustrate, ZWDs from the models showed higher values than the WVR-measured ones by roughly 30 mm. For comparison with GPS-derived values, average offsets and standard deviations of the models and the WVR were -4.3±11.0 mm and -44.8±24.0 mm, respectively. From these ZWD comparisons it was found that further corrections to the WVR ZWDs are necessary. In addition, the noisy behaviour of the raw WVR ZWD measurements should be smoothed by a running mean method before application. In addition, averaged offsets between the models and the WVR measurements should be determined for the correction of individual sessions. However, already at this step it became obvious that the instrumental calibrations of the radiometer are far from being mature resulting in erroneous absorption profiles.
ZWDs from the WVR measurements with different levels of corrections were applied as corrections to the wet components of the atmospheric refraction in the five geodetic VLBI sessions. Impacts on baseline repeatability and height precision by these were investigated. As the results show, the baseline repeatability was improved in terms of Root Mean Squared Error (RMS) when the offset correction was applied. However, the improvement was less than one percent. Although the repeatability of the height component was improved in terms of Weighted RMS (WRMS) with respect to the short term mean height by a factor of 2, the height component itself showed a larger deviation from the original value than that expected from the ZWD corrections. A possible reason is that the estimation of the many parameters in the least squares adjustment can easily affected the height parameter.
The conclusion of this study is that the Effelsberg WVR observations are not perfectly suited for wet path delay corrections yet. This is mainly due to the imperfectness of instrumental calibration. Further studies based on an increased number of WVR data with better internal calibrations seems to be necessary to make a final judgment regarding the usefulness of the WVR for wet path delay corrections in geodetic VLBI.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/5117}
}

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