Rückamp, Daniel: Role of termites for the distribution patterns of carbon and phosphorus fractions and the genesis of tropical soils, Brazil. - Bonn, 2012. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-29218
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/5118,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-29218,
author = {{Daniel Rückamp}},
title = {Role of termites for the distribution patterns of carbon and phosphorus fractions and the genesis of tropical soils, Brazil},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2012,
month = jul,

note = {Tropical soil fertility is limited by low phosphorus (P) availability, limited accumulation of organic matter and by advanced stages of pedogenesis. Termites are well-known soil-engineers, which accumulate clay, organic matter and many nutrients inside their nests. However, the differences between the effects of various termite feeding guilds on soil properties, the influence of termite activities on the properties and genesis of surrounding soil, and the persistence of the termite-induced changes in soils are largely unknown. The aim of the present work was, therefore, (i) to study the effect of different termite feeding guilds on P forms in termite nests across seven tropical ecosystems of Brazil, (ii) to elucidate the spatial and temporal effects of the termites dominant in Cerrado pastures on P distribution patterns and soil genesis, (iii) to use lignin, which is not digested by termites, as a tracer of their influence on soil organic matter accumulation, and finally, (iv) to decipher the impact of the Cerrado termites on nutrients in water drained from termite mounds.
To achieve these objectives I characterized termite nests and transects of surrounding soils by sequential P analyses, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and detection of the contents of organic carbon (OC), nitrogen and lignin-derived phenols. Due to the large sample size, mid-infrared spectroscopy followed by partial least squares regression helped in screening these soil properties for the first time also in the matrix of tropical soils.
The P contents were higher in nests and exceeded those of the surrounding soil by up to 3650%. Especially the wood-feeding termites changed the P availability to more labile forms; whereas the soil/wood interface-feeder termites enriched also mineral-bound P in their nests. For the Cornitermes silvestrii of the Cerrado, higher contents of labile soil P were documented vertically down to 30 cm below the lower nest border, and to a lateral distance of 60 cm away from it. Similar patterns were found for OC and lignin, whereas the enrichment and the spatial extension of those constituents were smaller below older, secondarily inhabited mounds. Hence, the lignin was initially accumulated in younger mounds, but it was oxidized and decomposed in older nests. The volume of draining water was reduced below both the younger and the older termite mounds in comparison to the soil, but five times lower dissolved organic carbon fluxes, and three times higher nitrate concentrations were only recorded under older mounds. Also the effect of termites on the physical composition of the soil was only significant below older mounds. There, the argic horizon disappeared, thus changing the soil type from Alisols and Acrisols to Umbrisols or Regosols.
In summary, my data show that wood-feeding termites of Brazil enhance the availability of P, and that the termites of the Cerrado transport clay upwards and accumulate labile P as well as lignin inside their mounds and the adjacent soil in comparison to reference soils. Such elevated contents are, to a lesser degree, also persistent below older mounds, as are the changed soil types. Those changes in soil types comprise the most long-lasting impact of the termites on the soil in the introduced pasture agro-ecosystem, as the upward transport of clay inverts soil genesis.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/5118}
}

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