Ecological interactions of Fusarium species and the meal beetle Tenebrio molitor
Ecological interactions of Fusarium species and the meal beetle Tenebrio molitor
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DissertationDate of Exam
23.09.2015Date of Publication
14.10.2015Advisor
Südekum, Karl-HeinzCo-Referee
Petersen, BrigitteMetadata
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Abstract
Contamination of stored grains by moulds and their mycotoxins results in quality and nutritional reduction. Ingestion of contaminated products and feed poses a significant hazard to human and animal health. The moulds deterioration and storage insects are of major concern in poor post-harvest management conditions. Theinteractions between the storage moulds (Fusarium spp.) and insects (T. molitor) are bilateral.
Fusarium species colonized wheat kernels affected the feeding behaviors, weight gain and survival rate of T. molitor mature larvae. Wheat kernels colonized by F. proliferatum and F. poae attracted T. molitor larvae significantly more than untreated (control) kernels; whereas kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or Beauveria bassiana were avoided by the larvae. However, larvae fed on F. culmorum, F. avenaceum or B. bassiana colonized kernels had enhanced larvae mortality. Our results indicated that T. molitor larvae have the ability to sense potential survival threats of kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or B. bassiana.
T. molitor acted as vehicle for Fusarium spp.dissemination within grains. After feeding on Fusarium mycelia and conidia for 24 h, live conidia were traceable in beetles’ excreta. Beetles were capable of contaminating a high proportion of wheat kernels up to 20 days. Kernels contamination and fungal colony forming unit density of F. proliferatum were higher than other tested Fusarium species. T. molitor beetles disseminated tested Fusarium fungal conidia internally and externally. Fungal contamination by beetle copulation to eggs was first described in our present research.
F. proliferatum drew our research attention for its attracting meal beetles property. Pathogenicity of different F. proliferatum strains on T. molitor was assessed according to mortality on 4th instar larvae. Radiate growth rate, sporulation, and DNA biomass in larvae tissue were evaluated as parameters to determine the contribution to pathogenicity. For pathogenicity on wheat plants, we demonstrated that F. proliferatum strains can systemically colonize the wheat plant (cv. Taifun) from soak-inoculation of mature wheat seeds to stem, leaf and then to wheat kernels. The pathogenicity on T. molitor larvae and wheat plants was not consistent, which indicated different pathogenicity mechanisms. Ökologische Interaktion zwischen Fusarium Spezies und dem Mehlkäfer T. molitor
Die Kontamination eingelagerten Getreides mit Vorratspilzen und deren Mykotoxinen sowie der Befall mit Vorratsschädlingen führen zur Minderung von Qualität und Nährwert. Durch die Aufnahme kontaminierter Nahrungs- und Futtermittel entstehen erhebliche Gefahren für die menschliche und tierische Gesundheit. Die Interaktionen zwischen Vorratspilzen (Fusarium spp.) und Insekten (T. molitor) sind bilateral. Von Fusarium besiedelte Weizenkörner beeinflussten Nahrungsaufnahme, Gewichtszunahme und Überlebensrate von T. molitor Larven. Von F. proliferatum und F. poae befallene Körner lockten signifikant mehr T. molitor Laven an als unbehandelte Körner, während Körner mit F. avenaceum oder Beauveria bassiana von den Larven gemieden wurden. Larven, die mit F. culmorum, F. avenaceum oder B. bassiana befallen Körner gefressen hatten, wiesen eine höhere Sterblichkeit auf. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass T. molitor Larven die Fähigkeit haben, potentielle Schadwirkungen von Körnern mit F. avenaceum oder B. bassiana zu erkennen. T. molitor fungierte als Vehikel für Fusarium spp. Nachdem die Käfer 24 h mit Fusarium Myzel und Konidien gefüttert worden waren, waren lebende Konidien in ihren Exkrementen nachweisbar. Die Käfer waren 20 Tage lang in der Lage, große Anteile exponierter Weizenkörner zu kontaminieren. Die Menge der durch die Käfer kontaminierten Weizenkörner und die Dichte der koloniebildenden Einheiten waren bei F. proliferatum höher als bei den anderen untersuchten Fusarium Spezies. T. molitor verbreitete die Konidien von Fusarium intern und extern. Die Kontamination von Eiern durch die Kopulation wird erstmals in unserer vorliegenden Arbeit beschrieben. Die Pathogenität verschiedener F. proliferatum Stämme wurde anhand der Sterblichkeitsrate des vierten Larvenstadiums von T. molitor bewertet. Als Parameter der Pathogenität wurden radiale Wachstumsrate, Sporulation und Pilz-DNA in Larvengewebe untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass F. proliferatum Stämme in der Lage sind, ausgehend von einer Tauchinokulation von Saatgut die daraus entstehenden Pflanzen systemisch über Stängel und Blätter bis zu den Körnern zu besiedeln. Die Pathogenität für Weizenpflanzen korrelierte nicht mit der für T. molitor Larven, was auf unterschiedliche Mechanismen der Pathogenität hinweist.
Fusarium species colonized wheat kernels affected the feeding behaviors, weight gain and survival rate of T. molitor mature larvae. Wheat kernels colonized by F. proliferatum and F. poae attracted T. molitor larvae significantly more than untreated (control) kernels; whereas kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or Beauveria bassiana were avoided by the larvae. However, larvae fed on F. culmorum, F. avenaceum or B. bassiana colonized kernels had enhanced larvae mortality. Our results indicated that T. molitor larvae have the ability to sense potential survival threats of kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or B. bassiana.
T. molitor acted as vehicle for Fusarium spp.dissemination within grains. After feeding on Fusarium mycelia and conidia for 24 h, live conidia were traceable in beetles’ excreta. Beetles were capable of contaminating a high proportion of wheat kernels up to 20 days. Kernels contamination and fungal colony forming unit density of F. proliferatum were higher than other tested Fusarium species. T. molitor beetles disseminated tested Fusarium fungal conidia internally and externally. Fungal contamination by beetle copulation to eggs was first described in our present research.
F. proliferatum drew our research attention for its attracting meal beetles property. Pathogenicity of different F. proliferatum strains on T. molitor was assessed according to mortality on 4th instar larvae. Radiate growth rate, sporulation, and DNA biomass in larvae tissue were evaluated as parameters to determine the contribution to pathogenicity. For pathogenicity on wheat plants, we demonstrated that F. proliferatum strains can systemically colonize the wheat plant (cv. Taifun) from soak-inoculation of mature wheat seeds to stem, leaf and then to wheat kernels. The pathogenicity on T. molitor larvae and wheat plants was not consistent, which indicated different pathogenicity mechanisms.
Die Kontamination eingelagerten Getreides mit Vorratspilzen und deren Mykotoxinen sowie der Befall mit Vorratsschädlingen führen zur Minderung von Qualität und Nährwert. Durch die Aufnahme kontaminierter Nahrungs- und Futtermittel entstehen erhebliche Gefahren für die menschliche und tierische Gesundheit. Die Interaktionen zwischen Vorratspilzen (Fusarium spp.) und Insekten (T. molitor) sind bilateral. Von Fusarium besiedelte Weizenkörner beeinflussten Nahrungsaufnahme, Gewichtszunahme und Überlebensrate von T. molitor Larven. Von F. proliferatum und F. poae befallene Körner lockten signifikant mehr T. molitor Laven an als unbehandelte Körner, während Körner mit F. avenaceum oder Beauveria bassiana von den Larven gemieden wurden. Larven, die mit F. culmorum, F. avenaceum oder B. bassiana befallen Körner gefressen hatten, wiesen eine höhere Sterblichkeit auf. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass T. molitor Larven die Fähigkeit haben, potentielle Schadwirkungen von Körnern mit F. avenaceum oder B. bassiana zu erkennen. T. molitor fungierte als Vehikel für Fusarium spp. Nachdem die Käfer 24 h mit Fusarium Myzel und Konidien gefüttert worden waren, waren lebende Konidien in ihren Exkrementen nachweisbar. Die Käfer waren 20 Tage lang in der Lage, große Anteile exponierter Weizenkörner zu kontaminieren. Die Menge der durch die Käfer kontaminierten Weizenkörner und die Dichte der koloniebildenden Einheiten waren bei F. proliferatum höher als bei den anderen untersuchten Fusarium Spezies. T. molitor verbreitete die Konidien von Fusarium intern und extern. Die Kontamination von Eiern durch die Kopulation wird erstmals in unserer vorliegenden Arbeit beschrieben. Die Pathogenität verschiedener F. proliferatum Stämme wurde anhand der Sterblichkeitsrate des vierten Larvenstadiums von T. molitor bewertet. Als Parameter der Pathogenität wurden radiale Wachstumsrate, Sporulation und Pilz-DNA in Larvengewebe untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass F. proliferatum Stämme in der Lage sind, ausgehend von einer Tauchinokulation von Saatgut die daraus entstehenden Pflanzen systemisch über Stängel und Blätter bis zu den Körnern zu besiedeln. Die Pathogenität für Weizenpflanzen korrelierte nicht mit der für T. molitor Larven, was auf unterschiedliche Mechanismen der Pathogenität hinweist.
Classification (DDC)
630 Landwirtschaft, VeterinärmedizinGuo, Zhiqing: Ecological interactions of Fusarium species and the meal beetle Tenebrio molitor. - Bonn, 2015. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-41540
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-41540
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/6270,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-41540,
author = {{Zhiqing Guo}},
title = {Ecological interactions of Fusarium species and the meal beetle Tenebrio molitor},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2015,
month = oct,
note = {Contamination of stored grains by moulds and their mycotoxins results in quality and nutritional reduction. Ingestion of contaminated products and feed poses a significant hazard to human and animal health. The moulds deterioration and storage insects are of major concern in poor post-harvest management conditions. Theinteractions between the storage moulds (Fusarium spp.) and insects (T. molitor) are bilateral.
Fusarium species colonized wheat kernels affected the feeding behaviors, weight gain and survival rate of T. molitor mature larvae. Wheat kernels colonized by F. proliferatum and F. poae attracted T. molitor larvae significantly more than untreated (control) kernels; whereas kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or Beauveria bassiana were avoided by the larvae. However, larvae fed on F. culmorum, F. avenaceum or B. bassiana colonized kernels had enhanced larvae mortality. Our results indicated that T. molitor larvae have the ability to sense potential survival threats of kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or B. bassiana.
T. molitor acted as vehicle for Fusarium spp.dissemination within grains. After feeding on Fusarium mycelia and conidia for 24 h, live conidia were traceable in beetles’ excreta. Beetles were capable of contaminating a high proportion of wheat kernels up to 20 days. Kernels contamination and fungal colony forming unit density of F. proliferatum were higher than other tested Fusarium species. T. molitor beetles disseminated tested Fusarium fungal conidia internally and externally. Fungal contamination by beetle copulation to eggs was first described in our present research.
F. proliferatum drew our research attention for its attracting meal beetles property. Pathogenicity of different F. proliferatum strains on T. molitor was assessed according to mortality on 4th instar larvae. Radiate growth rate, sporulation, and DNA biomass in larvae tissue were evaluated as parameters to determine the contribution to pathogenicity. For pathogenicity on wheat plants, we demonstrated that F. proliferatum strains can systemically colonize the wheat plant (cv. Taifun) from soak-inoculation of mature wheat seeds to stem, leaf and then to wheat kernels. The pathogenicity on T. molitor larvae and wheat plants was not consistent, which indicated different pathogenicity mechanisms.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/6270}
}
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-41540,
author = {{Zhiqing Guo}},
title = {Ecological interactions of Fusarium species and the meal beetle Tenebrio molitor},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2015,
month = oct,
note = {Contamination of stored grains by moulds and their mycotoxins results in quality and nutritional reduction. Ingestion of contaminated products and feed poses a significant hazard to human and animal health. The moulds deterioration and storage insects are of major concern in poor post-harvest management conditions. Theinteractions between the storage moulds (Fusarium spp.) and insects (T. molitor) are bilateral.
Fusarium species colonized wheat kernels affected the feeding behaviors, weight gain and survival rate of T. molitor mature larvae. Wheat kernels colonized by F. proliferatum and F. poae attracted T. molitor larvae significantly more than untreated (control) kernels; whereas kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or Beauveria bassiana were avoided by the larvae. However, larvae fed on F. culmorum, F. avenaceum or B. bassiana colonized kernels had enhanced larvae mortality. Our results indicated that T. molitor larvae have the ability to sense potential survival threats of kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or B. bassiana.
T. molitor acted as vehicle for Fusarium spp.dissemination within grains. After feeding on Fusarium mycelia and conidia for 24 h, live conidia were traceable in beetles’ excreta. Beetles were capable of contaminating a high proportion of wheat kernels up to 20 days. Kernels contamination and fungal colony forming unit density of F. proliferatum were higher than other tested Fusarium species. T. molitor beetles disseminated tested Fusarium fungal conidia internally and externally. Fungal contamination by beetle copulation to eggs was first described in our present research.
F. proliferatum drew our research attention for its attracting meal beetles property. Pathogenicity of different F. proliferatum strains on T. molitor was assessed according to mortality on 4th instar larvae. Radiate growth rate, sporulation, and DNA biomass in larvae tissue were evaluated as parameters to determine the contribution to pathogenicity. For pathogenicity on wheat plants, we demonstrated that F. proliferatum strains can systemically colonize the wheat plant (cv. Taifun) from soak-inoculation of mature wheat seeds to stem, leaf and then to wheat kernels. The pathogenicity on T. molitor larvae and wheat plants was not consistent, which indicated different pathogenicity mechanisms.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/6270}
}
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