Amin, Hatem M. A.: Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in Alkaline and Non-aqueous Electrolytes for Li-Air Batteries : RRDE and DEMS Investigations. - Bonn, 2016. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-45538
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/6930,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-45538,
author = {{Hatem M. A. Amin}},
title = {Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in Alkaline and Non-aqueous Electrolytes for Li-Air Batteries : RRDE and DEMS Investigations},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2016,
month = dec,

note = {Due to the worldwide growing energy demand and depletion of fossil fuel resources, sustainable renewable energy conversion and storage systems have to be developed. Among the promising possibilities are the rechargeable batteries. Li-air batteries could be a key technology for automotive applications because of their higher (3-5 times) theoretical capacity than the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. However, this technology is facing some critical challenges such as the poor efficiency, high overpotential and electrolyte instability. The current research focuses on two types of Li-Air batteries, namely, aprotic and aqueous electrolyte batteries. Despite the intensive work in the last decade, the fundamental electrochemical reactions such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) in aprotic electrolytes are not well understood. Since with aprotic electrolytes the formation of a blocking film of the discharge products limits the capacity, an aqueous Li-air battery is an alternative scenario. In this work, two main issues are addressed: i) development of an efficient carbon-free bifunctional catalyst for the air electrode in alkaline media. ii) mechanistic, kinetic and quantitative investigations of ORR/OER in aprotic electrolytes.
After an introduction to the topic, a theoretical background followed by a description of the experimental methods is presented. Subsequently, the results and discussion section consists of 6 chapters. The thesis is then closed with the summary and future perspectives.
The results and discussion section starts with chapter 4 (already published, Electrochimica Acta 2015, 151, 332) on the investigation of an efficient bifunctional catalyst based on Ag+Co3O4 for ORR/OER in alkaline media. Interestingly, the combination of both components in one mixture showed superior activity than its single components along with good stability. Ag+Co3O4 mixed catalyst containing 10-20 wt% of Co3O4 is the optimum composition. Rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) method revealed negligible formation of peroxide intermediate. Oxygen evolution is also monitored using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). To understand the origin of such synergistic effect between Ag and Co3O4, surface and XPS analyses were conducted (Chapter 5). Further investigations on the activity of Ag+ perovskite catalyst and the role of the support (Ni vs. Ag) are presented in chapter 6.
In chapter 7, to better understand the mechanism of OER on Co3O4 and the mixed catalyst, DEMS experiments together with isotope labeling are presented. An oxygen exchange process in the lattice oxygen is inferred. In this part, a new small-volume electrolyte DEMS cell design is developed for application of massive electrodes.
The last two chapters are devoted to measurements in aprotic electrolytes for Li-O2 system. RRDE and DEMS were used to characterize the reactions in Tetraglyme G4, DMSO and their mixture. The significant role of the solvent properties (e.g. donor number) on the mechanism is assessed (chapter 8). DEMS enabled us not only to detect the main products and by-products but also the number of electrons transferred per oxygen molecule during discharge and charge. The results showed reversible formation of Li2O2 as the main discharge product despite of the side reactions. The catalytic activity of Co3O4 catalyst in DMSO is reported. In chapter 9, a novel electrolyte based on 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone solvent is investigated for the first time for Li-O2 battery. Although further research has to be done, this better understanding of the processes could help in the development of strategies for the realization of such Li-air batteries.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/6930}
}

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