Klaus, Christine: Complement-mediated neuronal loss by sialic acid glycocalyx alterations. - Bonn, 2018. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-50579
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/7557,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-50579,
author = {{Christine Klaus}},
title = {Complement-mediated neuronal loss by sialic acid glycocalyx alterations},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2018,
month = apr,

note = {Every neuronal cell is covered with a dense structure of glycoconjugates, the glycocalyx. Sialic acids form the terminal ends of the glycocalyx and thus, are more accessible for the cellular environment. Microglia, the brain macrophages constantly survey the brain parenchyma and can sense small alterations in the glycocalyx. Recently, it was demonstrated in murine and human neuron-microglia/macrophage co-cultures that healthy neurons with reduced surface-bound sialic acids were removed by microglia/macrophages in a complement-dependent manner. Although microglial phagocytosis is considered as beneficial, the role of microglia in recognizing sialic acids in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory processes is still not fully understood.
In this study, the situation of a desialylated glycocalyx in vivo was mimicked by using a mouse heterozygous for the bifunctional enzyme glucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE; GNE+/-- mice). It was shown that gne transcription was reduced in the brain of young and old GNE+/-- mice and a reduced sialylation status was confirmed. In accordance with the in vitro data, an increased age-dependent neuronal loss was found in different brain regions of GNE+/-- mice compared to their wildtype littermates. Histological staining indicated morphological changes in microglia but not in astrocytes. Furthermore, only very minor inflammatory changes were observed in the transcriptome data of the brain pointing towards a homeostatic removal of neurons in GNE+/-- mice by microglia. Based on the in vitro studies, the GNE+/-- mice were crossbred with mice deficient for the complement component 3 (C3), the central player of the complement cascade, to confirm the involvement of the complement system. The C3-deficiency was able to rescue the neuronal loss in the GNE+/-- mice. Thus, this study successfully showed that the complement system is involved in microglial removal of neurons in vivo.
The in vivo data demonstrate the importance of microglial sensing of small alterations in the glycocalyx. Sialic acids seem to play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis and might also be in involved in synaptic plasticity. However, oxidative stress or aging can lead to a decrease of sialic acids that then might lead to unwanted reactivation of developmental synaptic pruning and consequently to the loss of neurons in the brain. Thus, targeting the neuronal glycocalyx could be a beneficial therapy in age-dependent neuronal loss and neurodegenerative diseases.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/7557}
}

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