Küpper, Verena: Effect of the combined application of copper-tolerant Trichoderma spp. and chitosan for sustainable control of fungal grapevine diseases. - Bonn, 2026. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-90677
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/14216,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-90677,
author = {{Verena Küpper}},
title = {Effect of the combined application of copper-tolerant Trichoderma spp. and chitosan for sustainable control of fungal grapevine diseases},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2026,
month = jun,

note = {The ongoing challenge for viticulture is to effectively and sustainably combat diseases like downy mildew and Esca trunk disease. In organic viticulture, the use of copper-based fungicides to control downy mildew is of crucial importance. However, this practice is increasingly criticized due to its ecotoxicological consequences. Furthermore, there is an absence of effective alternatives for the control of Esca pathogens. The development of novel plant protection strategies that incorporate eco-friendly combinations of agents to combat economically relevant pathogens is therefore urgently needed.
The present study aims to develop a sustainable plant protection tool based on a synergistic combination of Trichoderma, chitosan and the application of a reduced copper rate for the control of Plasmopara viticola and the Esca pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea and Phaeoacremonium minimum. This tool is intended to reduce the need for copper fungicides. Therefore, Trichoderma species isolated from grapevine wood were characterized and tested for copper tolerance. A high degree of compatibility to copper hydroxide was demonstrated. High copper tolerance was particularly shown and increased for T. koningiopsis and T. harzianum. The copper-tolerant Trichoderma isolates were also found to demonstrate a high tolerance to chitosan, confirming the compatibility of Trichoderma with chitosan. To provide a detailed description of the agents' effect against P. viticola, the effect of T. koningiopsis, chitosan, and a reduced copper rate was tested on the upper and lower sides of grapevine leaves inoculated with the pathogen. Both a direct and an indirect effect against downy mildew have been demonstrated. Furthermore, microscopic analysis revealed the successful establishment of T. koningiopsis and uniform distribution of chitosan on the grapevine leaves. The indirect effect of the complex was verified for different grapevine cultivars in greenhouse experiments. The present work demonstrated increased pathogen-related gene expression after the simultaneous application of the agents. An increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species was observed in resistant grapevine cultivars following treatment. Furthermore, the agents reduced the number of haustoria, key structures of P. viticola. Ensuring the efficacy of the synergistic tool in counteracting Esca pathogens required establishing Trichoderma in the grapevine. Grapevine wood colonization capacity was confirmed for all tested Trichoderma isolates. Moreover, the direct effect of Trichoderma candidates in confrontation tests against Esca pathogens, as well as the indirect effect through released volatile organic compounds, were investigated. A high direct effect on the mycelial growth of P. chlamydospora was observed, while an indirect effect on the growth of P. minimums could be demonstrated. In addition, the combined field application of tolerant T. koningiopsis, chitosan and a reduced copper rate against P. chlamydospora resulted in a reduction in pathogen disease severity of infected shoots.
This work shows the potential of a sustainable plant protection tool for controlling relevant grapevine diseases and simultaneously contributes to the reduction of ecotoxic copper fungicides in viticulture.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/14216}
}

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