Amondo, Emily Injete: Health and Welfare Implications of Climate Variability : Evidence from Rural Uganda. - Bonn, 2022. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-69204
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/10535,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-69204,
author = {{Emily Injete Amondo}},
title = {Health and Welfare Implications of Climate Variability : Evidence from Rural Uganda},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2022,
month = dec,

note = {Uganda has been highly affected by extreme weather events and climate change in the recent years. Weather-related disasters could potentially affect health outcomes directly, or indirectly through its deleterious effects on water resources, and agriculture which are the main sources of livelihoods for rural households. Despite growing interest in climate-health research, empirical studies on the effects of climate variability on health, especially the indirect effects and health adaptation, with a gender lens in developing countries remains scanty.
The study begins by tracing the causal pathways of extreme weather events on child health using four waves of national representative data. Results from simultaneous equation models show evidence of significant negative effects of droughts and heatwaves on the quantity and quality of production, which in turn affect child health as measured by anthropometrics. Most detrimental effects are through seasonal drought which reduces crop yield, calorie, protein and zinc supply by up-to 85%, 59% 34% and 29% respectively. On the other hand, zinc has a larger effect on height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ). A 10% decrease in zinc reduces HAZ by 0.06 standard deviations (SD) and weight outcomes by 0.08 SD. Although boys HAZ are more sensitive to nutrient deficiencies compared to girls HAZ, nutrients largely influence girls WHZ. Further results show a positive effect of livestock holding on weight measures, while diarrhoea leads to poor HAZ and WAZ.
Secondly, the study assesses the gender differentiated health effects of weather variability using two-parts and nonlinear decomposition models. The study finds that low rainfall below the long-term mean increases the likelihood of illness and work days lost significantly by at least 8 and 6 percentage points in women and men respectively, whereas warming increases illness by around 2-5 percentage points. The indirect effect of low rainfall on illness through the water collection pathway is significant only in women, estimated at 0.2 percentage points, implying full mediation process. Further results reveal that 27%-57% of women-men health inequalities would be eliminated if endowments, especially health care are equalized.
Finally, the short-term effects of weather and health shocks and their interactions on household consumption are estimated using six waves of a recent high frequency panel dataset. Fixed effects results show that food consumption and diet diversity are unaffected by illness. However, extremely high rain reduces all consumption groups by 11-14%. Quantile estimates show that poor households exposed to extreme temperature and more sick days reduce their non-food consumption significantly, while hospitalization increases non-food at the top quantile by 13%. Health shocks and extreme wetness increase health expenditures while labour remain unaffected by illness, despite being negatively affected by extreme temperatures. Intake of diverse animal foods, fruits and vegetables are associated with better health.
This dissertation concludes by highlighting key adaptation strategies that can inform policy makers. Interventions that facilitate credit access, savings, market access, safety nets and good agronomic practices could increase household resilience thus improved food security and health. Moreover, households should engage in non-farm work and livestock farming since livestock is fairly adaptable and intake of diverse animal products could help mitigate the adverse effects extreme weather events on health. The heterogeneous effects of group networks and remittances on consumption across quantiles imply the need for proper targeting of measures to be beneficial to intended groups, together with women empowerment efforts.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/10535}
}

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