Kienēs, Hannah Frederike: The effects of fat amount and fatty acid composition on postprandial metabolic events in older adults with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases. - Bonn, 2025. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-86854
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/13757,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-86854,
doi: https://doi.org/10.48565/bonndoc-746,
author = {{Hannah Frederike Kienēs}},
title = {The effects of fat amount and fatty acid composition on postprandial metabolic events in older adults with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = dec,

note = {Due to frequent food intake, most humans spend the majority of the day in the postprandial state, associated with alterations in blood concentrations of triglycerides (TGs), glucose, and insulin. The meal composition is known to influence the postprandial response. According to the current knowledge, an excessive metabolic response increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Strategies to mitigate the metabolic response could contribute to reducing the risk of CVDs.
The core of this thesis was a randomized controlled crossover trial of the acute metabolic and vascular effects of four isoenergetic, isonitrogenous meals enriched with 25 or 50 g of canola oil (rich in unsaturated fatty acids [FAs]) or coconut oil (rich in saturated FAs [SFAs]) in 29 participants at increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. In the fasting state and during a postprandial period of 6 h, blood samples for the analysis of parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism as well as parameters of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative processes were collected. In addition, serum concentrations of individual FAs were measured and parameters of arterial stiffness were determined. The main findings were that canola oil induced a stronger TG and interleukin-6 response than coconut oil. Serum concentrations of lauric and myristic acid were higher after coconut oil, while serum concentrations of oleic, linoleic, and alpha-linolenic acid were higher after canola oil. Compared to 25 g test oil, 50 g test oil elicited a stronger TG response but lower glucose and insulin responses. The parameters of arterial stiffness decreased postprandially, independent of fat amount and FA composition.
The intervention study was complemented by two systematic reviews of the effects of fat amount and FA composition on lipemia and vascular function. The first review revealed that in individuals with increased CVD risk, SFA-rich meals often induce a stronger TG response than meals rich in unsaturated FAs, whereas the TG response in metabolically healthy individuals is not influenced by the FA composition. The analysis confirmed the influence of fat amount on lipemia. The second review showed that the FA composition largely has no influence on the postprandial vascular function.
Data demonstrate that the fat amount and FA composition of a meal are relevant determinants of acute metabolic processes.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/13757}
}

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