Becker, Maximilian Fernando: Responses of the root-associated microbiota to pathogen infection and pest management strategies. - Bonn, 2026. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-87500
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-87500
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/13842,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-87500,
author = {{Maximilian Fernando Becker}},
title = {Responses of the root-associated microbiota to pathogen infection and pest management strategies},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2026,
month = jan,
note = {The microbes living in and in close proximity to plant roots are subject to host-driven selection and can confer substantial benefits to the plant such as growth promotion and stress tolerance. Studying this root-associated microbiota and the factors shaping its composition holds substantial potential to improve plant health and crop yield, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture. At the same time, population growth and climate change necessitate increasing agricultural output while minimizing environmental impacts. Pathogen infections threaten yields, raising the need for frequent applications of plant health protecting products to minimize their impact. Yet, little is known about the impact of both infections and plant health protecting product applications on the root-associated microbiota. Even when these perturbations occur only above ground, they may alter plant metabolism and root exudation, leading to downstream effects on the below ground microbiota. Clarifying such plant-mediated effects will improve our understanding of the factors influencing the root-associated microbiota and could ultimately help support plant health.
Accordingly, I addressed four questions: (i) whether the root-associated microbiota of apple exhibits intrinsic spatial and temporal variation related to root phenology and seasonality; (ii) how foliar fungal infection of apple saplings alters the root-associated microbiota; (iii) how above ground applications of plant health protecting products with different modes of action affect the root-associated microbiota in two crop systems; and (iv) how the combined pathogen infection and product application influence the root-associated microbiota. I used greenhouse and field experiments and profiled the bacterial root-associated microbiota by next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons.
The root-associated microbiota showed spatial variation on various scales. On a smaller scale, the rhizosphere effect was observed with distinct community compositions in the rhizosphere and endosphere in all trials. On larger scales, the root-associated bacterial communities of fully grown apple trees shifted along a root size gradient and along spatial distances in the field and were furthermore subject to seasonal and annual variation. Such heterogeneity should be accounted for in future microbiome studies. Foliar pathogen infections induced plant-mediated changes in the root-associated microbiota upon severe leaf infection. Community changes did not differ between the two inoculated pathogens but scaled with disease severity. Naturally occurring root infections in mature trees elicited even stronger community shifts, indicating that infections exert the strongest impact on the associated microbiota in the affected region.
Above ground applications of plant protection products did not elicit consistent, treatment-specific plant-mediated responses in the root-associated microbiota. Only systemic products induced mild, transient effects that were no longer detectable two weeks after the final application. Nevertheless, product applications often increased within-treatment variability in community compositions, consistent with the "Anna Karenina principle" (AKP). Under this principle, changes in the root-associated microbiota by a perturbation can be deterministically, but the extent of the alteration is stochastic depending on the severity of the stressor. In this context, foliar pathogen infection represented a more severe perturbation than product application. Moreover, a curative product application even mitigated pathogen-induced stress and helped reestablish the plant’s preferred bacterial community in both the rhizosphere and endosphere. No differences in plant morphological and physiological characteristics were observed, suggesting that product application and mild AKP effects had no negative impacts on plant health. Thus, besides their direct protective and curative properties, the responsible use of plant health protecting products may support microbiome management and therefore potentially contribute to sustainable agriculture.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/13842}
}
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-87500,
author = {{Maximilian Fernando Becker}},
title = {Responses of the root-associated microbiota to pathogen infection and pest management strategies},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2026,
month = jan,
note = {The microbes living in and in close proximity to plant roots are subject to host-driven selection and can confer substantial benefits to the plant such as growth promotion and stress tolerance. Studying this root-associated microbiota and the factors shaping its composition holds substantial potential to improve plant health and crop yield, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture. At the same time, population growth and climate change necessitate increasing agricultural output while minimizing environmental impacts. Pathogen infections threaten yields, raising the need for frequent applications of plant health protecting products to minimize their impact. Yet, little is known about the impact of both infections and plant health protecting product applications on the root-associated microbiota. Even when these perturbations occur only above ground, they may alter plant metabolism and root exudation, leading to downstream effects on the below ground microbiota. Clarifying such plant-mediated effects will improve our understanding of the factors influencing the root-associated microbiota and could ultimately help support plant health.
Accordingly, I addressed four questions: (i) whether the root-associated microbiota of apple exhibits intrinsic spatial and temporal variation related to root phenology and seasonality; (ii) how foliar fungal infection of apple saplings alters the root-associated microbiota; (iii) how above ground applications of plant health protecting products with different modes of action affect the root-associated microbiota in two crop systems; and (iv) how the combined pathogen infection and product application influence the root-associated microbiota. I used greenhouse and field experiments and profiled the bacterial root-associated microbiota by next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons.
The root-associated microbiota showed spatial variation on various scales. On a smaller scale, the rhizosphere effect was observed with distinct community compositions in the rhizosphere and endosphere in all trials. On larger scales, the root-associated bacterial communities of fully grown apple trees shifted along a root size gradient and along spatial distances in the field and were furthermore subject to seasonal and annual variation. Such heterogeneity should be accounted for in future microbiome studies. Foliar pathogen infections induced plant-mediated changes in the root-associated microbiota upon severe leaf infection. Community changes did not differ between the two inoculated pathogens but scaled with disease severity. Naturally occurring root infections in mature trees elicited even stronger community shifts, indicating that infections exert the strongest impact on the associated microbiota in the affected region.
Above ground applications of plant protection products did not elicit consistent, treatment-specific plant-mediated responses in the root-associated microbiota. Only systemic products induced mild, transient effects that were no longer detectable two weeks after the final application. Nevertheless, product applications often increased within-treatment variability in community compositions, consistent with the "Anna Karenina principle" (AKP). Under this principle, changes in the root-associated microbiota by a perturbation can be deterministically, but the extent of the alteration is stochastic depending on the severity of the stressor. In this context, foliar pathogen infection represented a more severe perturbation than product application. Moreover, a curative product application even mitigated pathogen-induced stress and helped reestablish the plant’s preferred bacterial community in both the rhizosphere and endosphere. No differences in plant morphological and physiological characteristics were observed, suggesting that product application and mild AKP effects had no negative impacts on plant health. Thus, besides their direct protective and curative properties, the responsible use of plant health protecting products may support microbiome management and therefore potentially contribute to sustainable agriculture.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/13842}
}





