Schilbert, Jana: Developing zoo visitors' interest in biodiversity conservation – An exploratory study on the role of animal encounters. - Bonn, 2026. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-91759
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/14368,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-91759,
doi: https://doi.org/10.48565/bonndoc-934,
author = {{Jana Schilbert}},
title = {Developing zoo visitors' interest in biodiversity conservation – An exploratory study on the role of animal encounters},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2026,
month = aug,

note = {The biodiversity crisis represents one of the greatest challenges facing contemporary society. As educational institutions, zoos seek to address the loss of biological diversity through educational initiatives that place biodiversity conservation at the centre. Learning outside formal educational programmes in zoos is largely driven by visitors' prior interests ('free-choice learning'). These interests are primarily directed towards animals and encounters with them, rather than ecology or biodiversity and its conservation. To engage visitors with the topic of biodiversity conservation nonetheless, interest in biodiversity conservation must be deliberately fostered, because interest is a fundamental prerequisite for self-directed learning.
Against this background, the present research project investigates how unguided free-choice zoo visits can be designed to promote interest in biodiversity conservation and if visitors' prior interest in animals and animal encounters can be leveraged in this process. The theoretical framework of the project is provided by the Person–Object Theory of Interest (POI). The aim of this exploratory research was first to investigate interest during unguided free-choice zoo visits and the role of animal encounters. Moreover, biodiversity conservation as an abstract object of interest was to be examined. Ultimately, data-based design hypotheses regarding how free-choice learning environments in zoos should be designed to foster interest in biodiversity conservation were to be derived.
To investigate the promotion of interest in biodiversity conservation, five qualitative studies were conducted: (I) a systematic literature review; (II) an observational study with visitors at the tiger enclosure; (III) an interview study with visitors at the tiger enclosure; (IV) an interview study with zoo professionals; and (V) an interview study with visitors concerning the zoo visit as a whole. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
The findings confirm that visitors' interest in animals is highly pronounced and is primarily stimulated by the animals' physical characteristics and behaviour. Features of the learning environment, such as opportunities for active visitor participation through e.g. signage providing prompts for observational activities or reflection, also have the potential to promote the development of interest. By contrast, interest in biodiversity conservation is considerably less pronounced. Visitors' subjective evaluation of animal welfare influences whether they engage with biodiversity conservation at all, thereby determining whether the development of interest in this topic can occur.
When visitors do engage with biodiversity conservation, their attention is predominantly focused on issues related to threats to biodiversity. Zoo professionals, in contrast, emphasise that engaging more broadly with the topic is essential for understanding biodiversity conservation; this should also encompass the ecosystem level as well as content domains such as nature's contributions to people, the state of biodiversity, conservation measures, and the interrelationships between these areas.
Although zoos provide a wide range of opportunities for engaging with biodiversity conservation, visitors rely predominantly on interpretive signage. Animal encounters themselves, whose educational potential is regarded as particularly high by zoo professionals, rarely lead directly to engagement with biodiversity conservation.
By identifying factors that influence the development of interest during unguided free-choice zoo visits involving animal encounters, and by conceptualising biodiversity conservation as an abstract object of interest, this research made a fundamental contribution to interest research. Based on these findings, evidence-based design hypotheses were developed regarding the promotion of interest in biodiversity conservation. These design hypotheses provide a foundation for the development of learning opportunities that foster interest in biodiversity conservation during unguided free-choice zoo visits. In this way, the study also contributes to the further development of educational practice.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/14368}
}

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