Cabrera Motta, José Alfonso: Isolation, characterization and interactions of soil microorganisms involved in the enhanced biodegradation of non-fumigant organophosphate nematicides. - Bonn, 2009. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-18474
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3956,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-18474,
author = {{José Alfonso Cabrera Motta}},
title = {Isolation, characterization and interactions of soil microorganisms involved in the enhanced biodegradation of non-fumigant organophosphate nematicides},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2009,
month = aug,

note = {The most widely used pesticides utilized for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes belong to the organophosphorus group. Their efficacy may be reduced in areas where adapted microorganisms accumulate that are capable of rapidly degrading the active ingredients. The enhanced biodegradation process of non-fumigant nematicides is of particular concern in intensive agriculture. However, it remains unclear which microorganisms play the most important role in the rapid metabolization and how and why this process develops. Furthermore little is known as to whether the biodegradation process may be slowed down, stopped or reversed. Studies using soils with different nematicide history collected in four banana fields in the Atlantic region of Costa Rica demonstrated that the non-fumigant organophosphate nematicide terbufos had lower levels of efficacy and shorter effective activity against the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis when the soil had a prolonged terbufos application history. Lower levels of efficacy were related to the microorganisms capable of rapidly degrading the active ingredient. The analysis of soils collected in Germany with different nematicide application history demonstrated that fenamiphos, another organophosphate non-fumigant nematicide, was not rapidly biodegraded in soil with no previous pesticide exposure. This study also demonstrated that Pseudomonas spp. does not accumulate upon fenamiphos applications and may not be involved at all in fenamiphos degradation. The lack of surfactant production of the isolated Pseudomonas spp. could be a reason for their absence in the biodegradation process. Bacteria capable of degrading fenamiphos were isolated from another German soil with a large fenamiphos-history. These bacteria utilized fenamiphos as a sole carbon source. By comparison of the partial sequences of their 16S rRNA coding genes with those genes present in the GenBank sequence database, a fully resolved phylogenetic tree could be generated, showing that these fenamiphos degrading (Fd) isolates belonged to closely related Microbacterium, Sinorhizobium, Brevundimonas, Ralstonia, or Cupriavidus species. The Fd bacteria did not cross-degrade the novel organophosphate nematicide fosthiazate, thus suggesting that they are fenamiphosspecific. However, a combination of all microorganisms of the same soil from which the fenamiphos-degrading bacteria was isolated, was capable of degrading fosthiazate, thus demonstrating that there are other microorganisms capable of degrading nematicides even in the absence of an application history. This also revealed that the nematicide-history of one organophosphate nematicide does not intrinsically influence the degradation of another pesticide of this same chemical group.
The application of plant revitalizers enhanced soil microbial biomass over time which resulted in an enhanced biocontrol activity against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and a delayed biodegradation process of fenamiphos.
In conclusion, this research demonstrated that many different soil bacteria can adapt when frequently exposed to a particular nematicide, thus offering them an alternative carbon source to grow. This effect can be slowed down by altering the microbial soil diversity through the application of natural plant enhancers that benefit nematicide non-degrading strains and simultaneously reduce nematode damage.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3956}
}

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