Bustamante Morales, Oscar Enrique: Water Relations and Drought Tolerance of Different Zea mays Cultivars as Influenced by Nitrogen Form and Application. - Bonn, 2009. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-19426
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3959,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-19426,
author = {{Oscar Enrique Bustamante Morales}},
title = {Water Relations and Drought Tolerance of Different Zea mays Cultivars as Influenced by Nitrogen Form and Application},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2009,
month = nov,

note = {This study was conducted to describe the physiological and morphological factors controlling the water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) plants under drought conditions. The effects of localized ammonium (CULTAN) and broadcasted nitrate fertilization, two different forms of nitrogen nutrition on differently drought tolerant maize varieties were investigated. Greenhouse and field experiments were carried out in 2007 and 2008 using a randomised complete block design with eight and three repetitions in the greenhouse and the field, respectively. In 2007, three cultivars from Nicaragua and the European cultivar Permanent were used, while in 2008 four European cultivars (including Permanent) were chosen, according to different properties communicated by the breeder. Two water regimes were applied in the greenhouse. In the field, irrigation was installed on half of the plots. Due to abundant rainfall in 2007, no drought stress developed. This was different in 2008, enabling the establishment of two different water regimes in the field experiment.Growth and dry matter partitioning were monitored, gas exchange was regularly assessed by the measurement of light curves, and water status parameters (water potential, osmotic potential, turgor pressure and relative water content) were measured. The hydraulic conductance of the shoot was assessed by the measurement with a High Pressure Flow Meter (HPFM).
The results demonstrate different adaptability of the cultivars to NH4+ and NO3- nutrition and to drought conditions in both, greenhouse and field experiment. The NH4+ plants showed higher photosynthetic rates compared to NO3- plants when the photosynthetic photon flux density increased. The well-watered plants also showed higher photosynthetic rates compared to the drought-stressed plants in both, 2007 and 2008.
The parameters of leaf water relations were generally affected by the water regime, but not by the nitrogen form. Hydraulic conductivity was influenced by nitrogen form, water regime, and cultivar. Nutrader, Vitaminado and Permanent (greenhouse, 2007), Nutrader, Vitaminado and Mazorca de oro (field, 2007), and Permanent, Abakus and Mazurka (greenhouse and field, 2008) showed higher hydraulic conductance with CULTAN compared to nitrate, whereas higher hydraulic conductance with nitrate compared to CULTAN was only found for Aalvito in the greenhouse experiment of 2008.
Under well-watered conditions, all cultivars showed higher above-ground dry matter production with ammonium compared to nitrate in the greenhouse experiment of 2007, while no significant differences were found in the field experiment. In 2008 and under well watered conditions, the total dry matter production of the NH4+ plants was 19% higher compared to the NO3- plants. Dry matter production under well-watered conditions was superior by 34% for NH4+ plants and by 11% for NO3- plants, respectively, compared to drought-stressed conditions. Under well-watered conditions, the grain yield of NH4+ treated plants of the cultivars Permanent, Aalvito and Mazurka was higher (18-22%) compared to NO3- fertilization. The yield reduction under drought, however, was more pronounced (20-36%) for the NH4+ plants than for the NO3- plants (16-18%), with Aalvito and Abakus having higher yields with nitrate compared to ammonium. There was no yield reduction by drought for the Abakus cultivar fertilized with nitrate. The superiority of the NH4+ plants in grain yield was attributable to higher numbers of grain per ear.
Protein content was not affected by the water regime. Aalvito had higher corn protein content with CULTAN (20%) compared to nitrate. Abakus and Mazurka showed the highest corn protein content of all cultivars, but no difference between CULTAN and nitrate fertilization.
The results give a differentiated view of the ecophysiological adaptations of Zea mays cultivars to drought and the possibilities to improve their water-use efficiency by nitrogen fertilization.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3959}
}

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