Gómez Caro, Sandra: Infection and spread of Peronospora sparsa on Rosa sp. (Berk.) : a microscopic and a thermographic approach. - Bonn, 2014. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-34738
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/5823,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-34738,
author = {{Sandra Gómez Caro}},
title = {Infection and spread of Peronospora sparsa on Rosa sp. (Berk.) : a microscopic and a thermographic approach},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2014,
month = jan,

note = {Downy mildew caused by Peronospora sparsa is one of the most destructive disease of roses, observed to produce asymptomatic infections and therefore difficult to control. The present research took different approaches to study the development and spread of P. sparsa in rose plants. On one hand, microscopical and histological observations of the infection process were conducted; on the other hand, IR thermography was evaluated as a non-invasive method for detecting the infection. These analyses were performed with isolates collected during epidemics of the disease in Colombian rose crops, the obtained samples being characterized by their latent period, incidence of sporulation and production of sporangia and oospores. The isolates proved to be alike with respect to the evaluated biological parameters. Hence, their aggressiveness can be said to be similar regardless of the location or cultivar of origin.
P. sparsa generated germ tubes and invaded the leaves not only in a direct mode making use of appressoria, but through the stomata on the abaxial surface as well. As to the vertical spread of the pathogen in the leaves, infection of epidermal cells on the opposite layer to the inoculated surface occurred 96 hours after inoculation (hai). Horizontally, the whole leaf lamina was colonized 120 hai. Mesophyll, epidermal and bundle sheath cells were penetrated by filiform haustoria. Although the capacity of P. sparsa to sporulate through the upper cuticle was observed, sporangia were more densely produced on the abaxial leaf surface. Oospores formed mainly in the spongy parenchyma after abaxial inoculation. Following adaxial inoculation, they were also produced under the upper cuticle, where hyphae spread extensively on the horizontal plane. These observations were associated with the strong damage observed in heavily infected leaves. Leaf age affected the speed and distance of pathogen spread, as well as the amount of sporangia and oospores produced. The highest values and the fastest spread of the pathogen occurred in young leaves as contrasted to more mature ones. Hyphae grew in parallel to leaf veins, along the cortical tissue of petioles and in the stem cortex. Progression of P. sparsa growth by hyphae was rarely observed in xylem and phloem. These results confirm that the intercellular space is highly important for long distance colonization by the pathogen. Leaf petioles were necessary for infection spread along the leaf and into the stems. The presence of oospores in leaflets and petioles showed the trajectory of the pathogen, while their density indicated the favorability of leaf tissues to P. sparsa development. The ability of the pathogen for systemic invasion of plant tissue from localized sites of infection was demonstrated. Leaf tissue colonization was observed to occur acro- and basipetally.
Thermography allowed the detection of downy mildew one or two days earlier than by visual inspection of the plants. Infection by P. sparsa resulted in a progressive leaf temperature increase, associated in turn to stomatal closure. Temperature declined at the late stages of the disease due to dense colonization and tissue damage, which favored leaf transpiration and water loss. Thermal imaging confirmed the spread of P. sparsa from localized infection sites to asymptomatic colonized areas. Changes in leaf temperature during pathogenesis also allowed differentiation of the rose cultivars by their susceptibility. Thus, thermal imaging comes to be an ideal tool for studying P. sparsa - Rosa sp. interaction. Moreover, the potential of IR thermography for the detection of downy mildew in presymptomatic stages was demonstrated.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/5823}
}

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