Derpmann, Jürgen: Characterisation of fitness parameters and population dynamics of Botrytis cinerea for the development of fungicide resistance management strategies in grapevine. - Bonn, 2014. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-35330
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/5831,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-35330,
author = {{Jürgen Derpmann}},
title = {Characterisation of fitness parameters and population dynamics of Botrytis cinerea for the development of fungicide resistance management strategies in grapevine},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2014,
month = mar,

note = {Gray mold caused by the fungusBotrytis cinerea is an economically important disease in grapevine. The pathogen has a high tendency to become resistant to frequently applied systemic fungicides. Only a few years after introduction of the fungicide class of benzimidazoles (MBC), resistant strains appeared frequently in European vineyards. Since the discontinuation of the use of benzimidazoles to control B. cinerea in 1975, the frequency of MBC-resistant strains decreased significantly. In the present study, the influence of fungicide resistance management strategies on the population dynamics of B. cinerea isolates resistant to fungicides was investigated in a three year field trial at three sites near Bordeaux. The tested strategies were mixture, alternation and annual alternation of thiophanate-methyl (TM) and mepanipyrim (MP). Strategies were compared to the solo application of TM and conventional fungicide treatments, where no TM was applied. Frequencies of fungicide-resistant isolates were determined in monitoring procedures conducted prior and subsequent to fungicide applications.
In all three years, spray programs including TM resulted in significantly higher frequencies of TM-resistant isolates (BenR1 phenotype) compared to those detected in conventionally treated plots. In the first year, all strategies tested led to similar BenR1 isolate frequencies compared to the solo application of TM (23%). In the second year, solo application of MP as part of the annual alternation resulted in significantly lower BenR1 isolate frequencies (16%) compared to spray programs including TM (39%). However, at the end of the study no significant differences in BenR1 isolate frequencies were detected between the strategies tested and the solo application of TM (47%). Different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the beta-tubulin gene confer resistance to MBC fungicides. Allele-specific polymerase chain reactions (as-PCR) as well as EvaGreen real-time as-qPCR showed a high correlation between the BenR1 isolate and E198A allele frequency. Over the winter period 2009/10, a decrease of BenR1 isolate frequency was detected (-12%), which points to difference in fitness of MBC-sensitive (BenS) and BenR1 isolates. Therefore, various fitness parameters were tested comparing ten BenS with ten BenR1 isolates. At favourable conditions, no significant differences were detected between the two sensitivity groups. At unfavourable conditions, mycelium growth, lesion size and spore production of BenS isolates were significantly higher than those of BenR1 isolates. In a competitive assay on leaf discs as well as on grapevine plants a decrease in BenR1 conidia frequency of 7% per generation was observed.
Fitness costs associated with resistance could have reduced the frequency of BenR1 isolates within the primary inoculum, when the fungus was confronted with unfavourable development conditions. If no MBC fungicides are applied during the season, then the short-distance dispersal of BenS conidia from the infected flowers and other sources leads to a decrease of the resistant fraction in the consecutive berry-associated population, as well. Over time, the difference in fitness leads to a linear decrease resulting in the low frequencies of BenR1 isolates as observed in German and French vineyards nowadays. A registration of the mixture of thiophanate-methyl with mepanipyrim would contribute to the diversity of modes of action controlling B. cinerea. Due to the emergence and development of resistance to single-site fungicides of all chemical classes, a resistance management strategy combining all tools available in an integrated pest management will be needed. Thus, a registration of the mixture of thiophanate-methyl with mepanipyrim will lead to a prolongation of the lifespan of newly introduced active ingredients to control B. cinerea in grapevine in the future.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/5831}
}

The following license files are associated with this item:

InCopyright