Djanibekov, Utkur: Trees, crops, and rural livelihoods: Afforestation of marginal croplands in Uzbekistan. - Bonn, 2014. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-36418
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/5844,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-36418,
author = {{Utkur Djanibekov}},
title = {Trees, crops, and rural livelihoods: Afforestation of marginal croplands in Uzbekistan},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2014,
month = jun,

note = {The livelihoods of rural population in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, highly depend on irrigated agriculture. However, agricultural production is threatened by the impacts of land degradation, irrigation water scarcity and climate change. The conversion of marginal croplands to tree plantations could represent an option to tackle such problems, while also improving population welfare. Yet, this land use is currently not practiced, owing to lack of farmers’ knowledge on revenues and impacts on livelihoods. In addition, state policies prohibit the conversion of croplands into tree plantations. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate economically viable options of afforestation of degraded irrigated croplands using an example of the Khorezm region and three southern districts of the Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. This includes analyzing the impacts on the rural livelihoods by Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) afforestation with its carbon sequestration reward of temporary Certified Emission Reduction (tCER). Using an example of irrigated areas in Uzbekistan, this study contributes to the general knowledge of sustainable rural development via converting marginal lands from crop cultivation to tree plantations.
This research employed various methodologies at different scales to evaluate the economic conditions of introducing short-rotation tree plantations along with the CDM requirements. At the field level analysis (1 ha), the net present value and stochastic dominance analyses were employed to investigate the financial attractiveness of afforestation on marginal croplands and to derive tCER payments that would initiate CDM afforestation. At the farm level, the expected utility method was employed to determine the tCER price that would facilitate CDM afforestation on marginal croplands, and to analyze respective effects on land use and farm incomes. At the system level, that comprises commercial farms and rural households, the farm-household stochastic dynamic nonlinear programming model was developed to analyze the effects on rural livelihoods from converting marginal farmlands to tree plantations
The results of the study indicate that due to benefits from non-timber products the short-term afforestation can be a more viable land use option on marginal croplands than the cultivation of major crops. At the same time, using the field level analysis while considering variabilites in land use revenues would necessitate an extreme increase in tCER prices, from the current tCER price of 4.76 USD (as of 2009). In contrast, when considering uncertainties in land use returns at the whole farm level, the current tCER price would be sufficient to initiate CDM afforestation. This is because tree plantations would economically improve a commercial farmer’s cropping pattern, while mitigating the impacts of revenue risks via a land use diversification option. Afforestation of marginal croplands at a commercial farm would affect the structure of employment and agricultural contracts between commercial farm and rural households, and thus have positive spillover effects on the rural population and increase of rural households’ income by 27,400 USD in comparison to crop cultivation on marginal lands. The spillover effects would come from the reduced labor demand at commercial farm between the periods of tree plantation establishment and harvest, while the subsequent increase in farm employment would occur during the establishment and harvest of trees. The inclusion of fuelwood and tree foliage into the payment schemes would replace fossil fuels and fodder products and reduce rural households’ expenditure for domestic energy (36%) and fodder products (15%).},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/5844}
}

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