Goletzke, Janina: Aspects of carbohydrate quality and their relevance for risk markers of type 2 diabetes and related health outcomes. - Bonn, 2014. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-38138
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/5863,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-38138,
author = {{Janina Goletzke}},
title = {Aspects of carbohydrate quality and their relevance for risk markers of type 2 diabetes and related health outcomes},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2014,
month = nov,

note = {Concern has been raised that the commonly advocated low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet might be actually detrimental for the growing number of people with impaired IR since it favors postprandial rises in glucose and insulin, which are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Successful prevention strategies to fight the increasing prevalence rates of obesity, T2D and related chronic diseases are urgently needed. Since insulin-resistant individuals are particularly prone to glycemic excursions, this might also extend to puberty, a period characterized by physiological IR. A further age group, which to date has not been addressed, are elderly people, who represent a growing proportion of our population and for whom specialized prevention strategies might be necessary.
Therefore, the overall aim of the present thesis was to investigate the relevance of different aspects of carbohydrate quality for selected risk markers of T2D. In this regard, prospective associations between puberty and young adulthood as well as 5-year longitudinal relations in older age were examined.
Major data source was the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study, which includes data on dietary intake, anthropometry, and health from birth until adulthood. Moreover, data from the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) was used, where information on nutritional status and markers of liver function was repeatedly collected from an older Australian cohort. Additionally, a systematic literature search was conducted on the association between carbohydrate quality and chronic low-grade inflammation in adults.
Four analyses (Study I, II, III, and V) and one systematic review (Study IV) were performed. Study I, including 262 participants of the DONALD Study, showed that a higher habitual dietary insulin index, but not a higher glycemic index (GI), during puberty was related to a higher percentage body fat in young adulthood. Study II revealed that a habitually higher dietary GI during puberty was the only aspect of carbohydrate nutrition which was consistently related to the analyzed T2D risk markers i.e. homeostasis model assessment IR (HOMA-IR), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in a subsample of the DONALD Study (n=226 and n=214, respectively). In Study III, again based on data from the DONALD Study (n=205), a higher habitual pubertal intake of carbohydrates from higher GI food sources and a lower intake of whole grains was associated with higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in younger adulthood. In this regard, Study IV showed that the observational evidence in adults is less consistent for a beneficial role of a lower GI or GL compared to dietary fiber/whole grain. However, there is less consistent evidence from intervention studies for anti-inflammatory benefits of higher fiber or whole grain diets than there is for low-GI/GL diets (60 studies were included in the systematic review). Benefits of higher fiber and whole grain intakes suggested by observational studies may hence reflect confounding. Finally, in Study V, including 866 older people from the BMES, no longitudinal relation was observed between the different aspects of carbohydrate quality and liver enzymes and serum lipids.
In conclusion, our results suggest a particular relevance of postprandial glycemic – and also insulinemic – excursions during puberty for risk markers of T2D during adulthood. Overall, efforts to improve carbohydrate quality should not focus solely on a high whole grain intake, but needs to be complemented by an advice for a preferred selection of low-GI foods.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/5863}
}

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