Gangi, Laura: Real-time quantification of oxygen isotope exchange between carbon dioxide and leaf/soil water in terrestrial ecosystems with laser-based spectroscopy. - Bonn, 2015. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-40861
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/6258,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-40861,
author = {{Laura Gangi}},
title = {Real-time quantification of oxygen isotope exchange between carbon dioxide and leaf/soil water in terrestrial ecosystems with laser-based spectroscopy},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2015,
month = aug,

volume = 266,
note = {The oxygen isotope ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide (δ18O-CO2) can be used to partition the gross fluxes of CO2 in terrestrial ecosystems, such as soil respiration and plant assimilation, as a characteristic δ18O value is transferred to CO2 during isotopic equilibration with different water pools. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the 18O-exchange between CO2 and leaf/soil water under controlled laboratory conditions and at a high temporal resolution. For this purpose, δ18O of CO2 and water vapor were measured online using infrared laser spectroscopy in plant chamber experiments with spruce, wheat, poplar and maize, as well as soil column experiments, which included the use of gas-permeable tubing. Finally, the biophysical soil–vegetation–atmosphere model MuSICA was applied to simulate the 18O-exchange at the ecosystem level and to test whether a value for the degree of isotopic equilibrium (θ) obtained from plant chamber experiments was suitable for model parameterization.
The sensitivity of the 18O-exchange to short-term changes in environmental conditions was studied by exposing the plants to increased air temperature (35°C vs. 25°C) and limited soil water availability, and the soil column to varying soil water content (SWC). The CO18O isoforcing (CO18O-Iso) at the plant-chamber level, i.e., the product of the net CO2 flux through the chamber and the δ18O-CO2 of this flux obtained from differential measurements at the plant chamber inlet and outlet, was used as a measure for the plants’ impact on ambient δ18O-CO2. CO18O-Iso decreased in response to elevated air temperature due to the reduction of stomatal conductance (gs) in all plant species except for maize, and in response to water availability in all four plant species due to a reduction of θ, assimilation rate (Ar) and gs, while leaf water became progressively 18O-enriched. Almost 100% of the temporal variations in CO18O-Iso could be explained by the combination of θ, gs, Ar and δ18O of leaf water (δ18Oev). The experimentally determined θ was considerably lower than reported in previous studies for the respective plant species, with values of 0.51 and 0.53 in maize and spruce, and 0.67 and 0.74 in wheat and poplar, respectively, and was highly sensitive to the parameterization of mesophyll conductance (gm). In the soil column, an incomplete CO2–H2O isotopic equilibrium was observed, most likely due to the low SWC, which yielded a low isotopic equilibration reaction rate (ke) as indicated by model simulations. Irrigation of the soil column with tap water clearly influenced the δ18O of soil water (δ18Osw) in the drenched soil depths. However, the δ18O of soil CO218Osc) was only influenced at the top 3 cm, when the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) was added to the irrigation water. This is an important finding, as, for the first time, the effect of CA activity in soils on the 18O exchange between CO2 and soil water was shown experimentally. Model simulations of δ18O-CO2 in a Norway spruce forest with MuSICA revealed that θ = 0.53, derived from isotopic gas exchange measurements, significantly improved simulations of canopy δ18O-CO2 compared with θ = 1 and indicated a temporally variable θ should be implemented in the model.
The present study highlights the need to i) consider the temporal variations in the oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and H2O as well as between soil, plants and the atmosphere, which are induced by changes in environmental conditions, and ii) take into account potentially lower θ estimates. In addition, a promising method to measure δ18Osc and δ18Osww quasi simultaneously in situ with high temporal resolution was presented. The gained information and novel tools presented in this study have the potential to improve our understanding of the atmospheric δ18O-CO2 budget.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/6258}
}

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