Laubenthal, Lilian: Cellular energy supply and aging in dairy cows : Characterization of different physiological states and impact of diet-induced over-condition. - Bonn, 2015. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-41369
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/6266,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-41369,
author = {{Lilian Laubenthal}},
title = {Cellular energy supply and aging in dairy cows : Characterization of different physiological states and impact of diet-induced over-condition},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2015,
month = sep,

note = {Lactation in dairy cows is accompanied by dramatic changes in energy balance and thus requires the continued adaption of the key organs, namely adipose tissue (AT), liver, and mammary gland to the varying conditions. The supply of energy by mitochondria, the “powerhouses” of the cell, therefore is of pivotal importance in dairy cows, because both the number of the mitochondria and the copy number of their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), can change according to different physiological, physical and environmental stimuli. Moreover, determination of the length of telomeres, short repetitive DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes, has become a common method in human research to determine an individual’s physiological age. Due to the fact, that telomeres shorten with every cell division and this shortening is influenced by diet, metabolic stress, and diseases, telomere length (TL) in dairy cows might serve as a phenotypic biomarker for longevity. The aim of this dissertation was to characterize the effects of lactation and the influences of a 15-weeks period of diet-induced over-condition on mitochondrial biogenesis, variation of TL and on markers for oxidative stress in dairy cows. Furthermore, as lipogenic and lipolytic processes during lactation result in changes of AT mass, we aimed to investigate angiogenesis and hypoxia in AT after an excessive fat accumulation. The mtDNA content and TL in blood as well as in AT, mammary gland, and liver of primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) dairy cows were studied during early and late lactation. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis was measured in tissue samples of these cows as well as in AT of over-conditioned, non-lactating dairy cows. The effects of over-condition on oxidative stress related changes in mtDNA content in non-lactating cows were also examined. From early to late lactation, tissue mtDNA copy numbers increased in all lactating cows in a tissue-specific manner, whereas blood mtDNA content decreased during this period. The highest mtDNA content found in liver emphasizes the crucial metabolic role of this organ in dairy cows. Also mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis related genes changed tissue-dependently, whereby the transcriptional regulation of mtDNA was limited to AT. Strong correlations between blood and tissue mtDNA during early lactation were observed, suggesting blood mtDNA measurements for indirectly assessing the energy status of tissues and thus substituting tissue biopsies. Telomeres were only shortened in blood and mammary gland from early to late lactation and the rate of shortening was dependent on the initial TL in all investigated samples. Due to diet-induced over-condition, the markers for oxidative stress increased in non-lactating cows, which might in turn impair mtDNA. Furthermore, enlarged adipocytes showed signs of hypoxia, indicating insufficient angiogenesis in AT. The ascending mtDNA content might improve the energy supply and thus compensate the hypoxic condition in rapidly expanding AT. The results in the present dissertation provide a longitudinal characterization of mtDNA content and mitochondrial biogenesis as well as TL in different tissues and in blood from dairy cows during lactation. Therefore, this thesis serves as a basis for further studies elucidating the role and regulation of mitochondria and telomeres in various pathophysiological conditions in cattle.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/6266}
}

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