Wolf, Eva Verena: Micronutrient status in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery - assessment and intervention. - Bonn, 2015. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-41674
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/6272,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-41674,
author = {{Eva Verena Wolf}},
title = {Micronutrient status in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery - assessment and intervention},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2015,
month = oct,

note = {Although the benefits of bariatric surgery have been frequently proven, less is known about the micronutrient status of morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. A deficiency in vitamin D pre- and postoperatively impairs bone, lipid, and glucose metabolism and increases the risk of osteomalacia and cardiometabolic diseases in these patients. However, there is a lack of reliable data on preoperative nutritional status and on the efficacy of adequate postoperative dietary measures with regard to vitamin D. Previous supplemental trials did not achieve the recommended serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) level of at least 50 nmol/L which is necessary to prevent a vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether obese patients are at risk of deficiency of several micronutrients which may postoperatively be related to nutrition-related diseases and may worsen malnourishment.
Within a cross-sectional study (CHAPTER ONE), the plasma/serum status of retinol, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, β-carotene, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were determined in 43 obese patients (body mass index: 52.6 ± 10.5 kg/m2) before undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG), between April and June 2012. Moreover, markers to specify bone metabolism, like parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and albumin were assessed. Dietary intake was estimated by 3 day food records. One-third of the patients had ascorbic acid levels below the cutoff value (< 28 nmol/L), additionally all patients had β carotene levels ≤ 0.9 µmol/L. Retinol was below the cutoff value (< 0.7 µmol/L) in 5% of the patients, whereas the tocopherol/cholesterol-ratio was always above the cutoff value (> 2.8 µmol/mmol). 84% of the patients had 25-OHD levels below 50 nmol/L. The intake of pro-/vitamins were often below the corresponding reference values, but neither correlations between status and intake, nor associations between low serum/plasma levels and inadequate intakes were observed.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (CHAPTER TWO), 94 morbidly obese patients (body mass index: 51.8 ± 11.5 kg/m2) underwent SG between June and October 2013. The verum group received an oily suspension (Vigantol oil®, diluted with Miglyol 812®) orally for 12 weeks after surgery providing 80 µg vitamin D3 per day; the placebo group received an identical looking oil of middle chain triglycerides (Miglyol 812®) instead. Before the operation, then both 4 and 12 weeks after SG, 25-OHD, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phoshatase, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, creatinine, albumin, C-reactive protein, and TNF-α were analyzed in serum and HbA1ct was determined in EDTA-whole blood. Dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, and vitamin D were monitored using a 3 day food record. After 12 weeks, 25-OHD levels increased in 92% of the patients of the verum group to levels > 50 nmol/L and in 68% to levels > 75 nmol/L compared to only 54% and 22% of the patients in the placebo group, respectively. Vitamin D-related parameters of mineral metabolism and of cardiometabolic risk were not modulated by intervention. Adverse effects from the intake of the supplement containing vitamin D were not reported. The highest individual 25-OHD level observed after 12 weeks was 191 nmol/L, which was below the maximum safe level of 250 nmol/L.
In conclusion, many morbidly obese patients already suffer from subclinical deficiencies in multiple micronutrients, particularly concerning vitamin D, ascorbic acid, and β-carotene before undergoing SG. Measuring the preoperative micronutrient status will help when supplementing patients before surgery and in optimizing dietary strategies afterwards. High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation by an oily preparation is an effective and safe measure to prevent vitamin D deficiency in obese patients after SG, but higher doses will be necessary to achieve 25-OHD levels > 75 nmol/L in all patients.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/6272}
}

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