Background: The effect of space flight conditions on the immune system of humans and rodents was investigated since the beginning of space flight. Until now there were no investigations of the influence of microgravity ...

Homeobox (hox) genes encode transcription factors which regulate the expression of several target genes encoding essential proteins for cell differentiation and proliferation. Thus, hox-genes have long been recognized as ...

Diseases of the respiratory system are a main problem in pig production. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are key players to defend these respiratory diseases like lung inflammation caused by bacterial infection. ...

In dairy farming, the timing of the lactation cycle and the way of milk removal differ considerably from the natural conditions. Ensuring good health and wellbeing of farm animals is of great interest from both an economic ...