Oyiga, Benedict Chijioke: Genetic variation of traits related to salt stress response in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). - Bonn, 2017. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-46049
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/7003,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-46049,
author = {{Benedict Chijioke Oyiga}},
title = {Genetic variation of traits related to salt stress response in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2017,
month = jan,

note = {Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses perceived by plants, and is continuously increasing due to climatic change and poor irrigation management practices. It is currently affecting ~800 million hectares of land worldwide, including over 20% of the world’s irrigated arable land. Salinity causes significant growth reduction and crop yield losses. With the predicted geometric increase in the global population, improving the salt tolerance (ST) of crops has become an important challenge and target for plant breeders. Several approaches have been exhaustively exploited to ameliorate the impact of salinity on crop plants, but because of the complex nature of ST in crop plant, these approaches have not been optimally translated into the desired results. It is well known that ST is difficult to breed due to its interaction with many physiological processes that are controlled by many genes, plant growth stage and are influenced by environmental factors. Wheat is moderately salt tolerant which means that the grain yield is significantly affected under soil saline condition of ~10 dS m-1. Therefore, improving wheat adaptation under high salinity is seen as the most efficient and economical approach to address the salinity problem and increase its grain yield especially in the poor resource wheat producing countries that are prone to soil salinity. This thesis applies several morphological and physiological evaluations, genetic and molecular approaches to elucidate the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying natural variation for ST in wheat and to find ways to explore the inherent genetic variation, with the ultimate aim of finding new candidate genes that can be used to improve ST in wheat.
The performance of 150 genetically diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated under different salinity conditions at germination, seedling and adult plant field growth stages, to identify heritable variation for salt tolerance in the measured traits. In addition, the amount of Na+, K+ and K+/Na+ ratio in the different shoot parts such as third leaves, stem and remaining leaf parts were determined for each genotypes after 24 days of stress under 150 mM/L NaCl. Results revealed genotype and salt treatment effects across all the growth stages, and the salt stress applied caused 33%, 51% and 82% reductions in germination vigour, seedling biomass and grain yield, respectively. The ability of wheat to conserve water in both root and shoot tissues was positively correlated with the K+ uptake under exposure to salinity. The wide-spectrum of responses to salt stress observed among the genotypes was exploited to identify genotypes with most consistent ST status across growth stages. Among the outstanding genotypes identified, four genotypes including Altay2000, 14IWWYTIR-19 and UZ-11CWA-8 (tolerant) and Bobur (sensitive) showed consistent ST status across the three growth stages including germination, seedling and adult-plant field growth stages. Further evaluation of the identified genotypes using several physiological parameters showed that the tolerant genotypes possess better adaptation characteristics than the sensitive ones (Bobur and UZ-11CWA-24) which allowed them to sustain growth and reproduce under high salinity.
A high density molecular map with ~18,000 SNPs (average distance between markers of 0.49 cM cM) and all the morpho-physiological and seed quality data collected were used to map QTLs for ST in the studied population. The LD decayed moderately fast (10 cM, 11 cM and 14 cM (r2 > 0.1) for the A, B and D-genome, respectively). By applying mixed linear modeling (MLM) while correcting for the effects of population structure and the kinship resulted in the detection of 302 SNPs (representing 50 distinct QTL regions) that were significantly associated with various ST traits. They explained between 2.00 and 63.45 % of the genetic variance. Most of the associated SNPs/loci showed pleiotropic effect on several traits and/or were detected across several independent experiments/growth stages. For instance, a single locus (at 90.04 cM) on 6AL was found to be strongly associated with ABS/RC, DIo/RC and shoot Na+ traits. An important (about 1.8 cM interval) region on 2BL was also found to strongly contribute to the variation in ST in various salt stress related traits (ST_DRW, shoot Na+, Fv/Fm, grain yield and seed crude protein). Five novel ST QTL regions were also detected on 1BS, 1DL, 5BS, 6AL and 5BL genomic regions. All the identified QTL have been discussed in this thesis.
By analyzing sequences of the associated SNPs, several key genes involved in salt and abiotic stress tolerance were identified. Among the categories of genes identified (Chapter 3 and 4), the genes involved in the stress response (24%), antiporter and transmembrane (18%), transcription and translation (14%), and redox homeostasis and detoxification (11%) related activities occurred predominantly. The transcriptome and RT-PCR expression analyses performed with the genes linked to the significant MTAs revealed differential expressions between the contrasting ST wheat genotypes. Moreover, the amino acid sequence analyses of the putative genes uncovered many sites of non-synonymous/missense mutation that may have contributed to the observed variable salt stress responses in the contrasting wheat genotypes. This study provides new insights towards understanding the traits and mechanisms related to ST. Thus, the underlying genetic and molecular response as presented in this thesis can be directly exploited by the breeders and scientists to improve salt tolerance in wheat.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/7003}
}

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