Attacha, Safira: Subcellular localization of Glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes (GPXLs) in Arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of GPXL3 deficient mutants. - Bonn, 2017. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-46941
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/7014,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-46941,
author = {{Safira Attacha}},
title = {Subcellular localization of Glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes (GPXLs) in Arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of GPXL3 deficient mutants},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2017,
month = mar,

note = {A common feature of plants being exposed to diverse forms of environmental stress is the increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both photosynthesis and respiration. Formation of ROS, however, is not restricted to the electron transport chains (ETC) but also occurs in significant amounts at the plasma membrane via NADPH oxidases, in peroxisomes in the course of multiple metabolic pathways and in the ER during oxidative protein folding. If not detoxified, ROS may directly damage biological molecules such as nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins. The most damaging effect is the onset of autocatalytic lipid peroxidation leading to severe membrane damage. To protect themselves from severe damage, plants evolved multiple detoxification systems for efficient removal of H2O2 and phospholipid hydroperoxides. Besides acting as damaging toxins, peroxides are also considered as essential elements of signalling pathways involved in stress sensing and coordinated onset of defence pathways. Detoxification of peroxides occurs via catalase in peroxisomes, via ascorbate peroxidases (APX) and the ascorbate-glutathione (Asa-GSH) cycle in the cytosol, plastids, mitochondria, peroxisomes, via peroxiredoxins (PRXs), and via glutathione-S transferases (GSTs). Another class of proteins involved in peroxide detoxification are glutathione peroxidases (GPXs). Plant GPXs are distinct from animals GPxs as some of the animal GPxs are selenoproteins containing a selenocysteine (Secys) at the catalytic site, whereas the plant GPXs rather possess a cysteine in their catalytic centre. Moreover, the animal Secys-GPxs preferentially use GSH as the reducing substrate while plant GPXs prefer reduced thioredoxin (TRX) as a reductant and show comparatively low activities with GSH. Based on their activity, plant GPX homologues have also been suggested to constitute functional PRXs. To avoid confusion resulting from protein names that are named only on homology and thus strongly suggest a functional link to glutathione, the Arabidopsis GPX family consisting of eight genes for clarity is called GPX-like (GPXL) in this work.
The isoenzyme GPXL3 has been implicated in stress-related H2O2 signalling in Arabidopsis and particularly in drought responses. However, results presented in this thesis demonstrate that gpxl3 T-DNA insertion mutants and GPXL3 overexpression lines did not display any obvious phenotype under mannitol or drought stress conditions. Determination of localization of GPXLs is essential for understanding their physiological function in the detoxification of H2O2 or lipid hydroperoxides. There are various predictions for the localization of this gene family, but the precise subcellular location of most GPXL proteins in Arabidopsis was still unknown at the beginning of this work. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the intracellular distribution patterns of roGFP2-tagged GPXL proteins were examined in two different expression systems via transient and stable transformation methods. In order to study the localization of each GPXL, C- and N-terminal fusions of most of the isoforms were generated and analysed by CLSM. Our findings validate that GPXL1 and GPXL7 are targeted to plastids, and that GPXL2 and GPXL8 are cytosolic/nuclear proteins. The results also show novel unexpected localizations for GPXL3 in the secretory pathway, predominantly the Golgi, and for GPXL4 and GPXL5 being specifically anchored to the plasma membrane. These findings substantiate and complement current knowledge on the localization of GPXLs in Arabidopsis. The novel information may help to better understand the role of GPXLs in crops and ultimately exploit their features in breeding of more stress-resistant plants.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/7014}
}

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