Carrillo, Manuel: Binding and mobilization of pharmaceuticals in wastewater-irrigated soils and sediments of the Mezquital Valley, Mexico. - Bonn, 2017. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-47351
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/7021,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-47351,
author = {{Manuel Carrillo}},
title = {Binding and mobilization of pharmaceuticals in wastewater-irrigated soils and sediments of the Mezquital Valley, Mexico},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2017,
month = may,

note = {The irrigation of crop fields with treated or untreated wastewater has been an ancient practice in many cities around the world and is still a common practice nowadays. In doing so, wastewater is disposed and at the same time the water and eventually also nutrients as valuable resource are reused, which is particularly important in regions with water scarcity. The irrigated soils retain wastewater derived compounds, which, however, also leads to an accumulation of pollutants with the time. This unintended reserve of pollutants can represent a risk if the regular conditions of the wastewater-irrigation-system changes, as in Mezquital Valley, Mexico, where fields formerly receiving untreated wastewater now face irrigation with treated wastewater of different chemical quality. The overall aim of my theses was, therefore, to elucidate the role of changed wastewater quality on potential release of pharmaceuticals. In detail I hypothesized that (i) sorption of surfactants competes with the sorption of sulphonamides, but not with strongly sorbing fluoroquinolones, that (ii) sediments from the Endhó reservoir provide a historical record of the pollutant inputs and thus a potential release of antibiotics by changing water quality, and that (iii) a treatment of wastewater, as anticipated in the region by the construction of the recently built Atotonilco wastewater treatment plant, will promote the desorption of antibiotics from wastewater-irrigated soils, maybe facilitated by anionic surfactants. To test these hypotheses, I focused on the sorption and desorption of a fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) and a sulphonamide (sulfamethoxazole) from soils and sediments from the Mezquital Valley, which have been exposed for several decades to untreated wastewater, and I added linear alkyl sulfonates (LAS) to batch sorption studies in order to understand their impact on the binding of the pharmaceuticals.
The experiments revealed a strong bonding of ciprofloxacin through a cation-exchange mechanism and small desorption that prevailed independently from the presence of surfactants and from water quality. In contrast, sorption of sulfamethoxazole was reduced when the surfactant was present due to its competition with the surfactant for sorption sites. However, this effect was only noticeable in soils poor in organic matter, which excludes wastewater-irrigated soils. In wastewater-irrigated soils, the accumulation of organic matter ensured sufficient sorption sites for both antibiotics and surfactants. Sulfamethoxazole binding and desorption depended also on water quality. The effects were soil specific, largest net desorption occurred from Leptosols and Phaeozems. Sediments of the Endhó reservoir acted as a sink for ciprofloxacin and other pharmaceuticals, particularly for bezafibrate, diclofenac and trimethoprim. Concentrations of these agents in the upper sediment layers were much larger than those found in wastewater-irrigated soils. In deeper layers concentrations declined, presumably also due to degradation under anaerobic conditions that likely explained the lacking detection of sulfamethoxazole.
The results of this thesis indicate that switching from irrigation with untreated wastewater to irrigation with treated wastewater can lead to a mobilization of compounds that are bound with moderate strength, like sulfamethoxazole, whereby the desorption might be promoted by surfactants. Yet, degradation of sulfamethoxazole under anaerobic conditions makes its mobilization from sediments unlikely. The strong sorption of ciprofloxacin prevents its mobilization from soils and sediments also after the introduction of treated wastewater in the irrigation system. This applies most likely also for other strongly sorbing pharmaceuticals. For risk control, I recommend the establishment of a permanent monitoring system for concentrations of pharmaceuticals in soils, crops, irrigation water and groundwater.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/7021}
}

The following license files are associated with this item:

InCopyright