Vo, Thi Thu: Studies on transmissibility, cytopathology and control of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid. - Bonn, 2018. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-50512
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/7344,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-50512,
author = {{Thi Thu Vo}},
title = {Studies on transmissibility, cytopathology and control of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2018,
month = may,

note = {PSTVd and TCDVd have wide host ranges and are able to cause huge economic losses in many high-valued crops in the Solanaceous family. TCDVd has recently been detected to infect many species worldwide, posing the potential risk of spreading this viroid disease. Hence, more information about transmission modes and prevention methods need further investigation.
Mechanical transmission continues to play a very important role in spreading Pospiviroids via handling activities in the greenhouse. Nearly 100% of plants showed infection with both PSTVd and TCDVd when treated with contaminated rubber gloves, mechanically inoculated with plant sap and cut with contaminated razor blades. In addition, the transmissibility of TCDVd via M. persicae with assistance of PLRV is confirmed for the first time in this study. High temperature promotes the rate of PLRV assisted aphid transmission. Although the efficiency of TCDVd transmission via M. persicae is low, the risk of PLRV-assisted aphid transmission of TCDVd to other solanaceous crops seems to be likely.
The severity of induced symptoms is various depending on viroid species, host plants, inoculation time and the environmental conditions. Tomato is a susceptible symptomatic host for both PSTVd and TCDVd, whereas infected ornamental plants remain asymptomatic. High temperature (26-28⁰C) promotes foliage symptom development of TCDVd infection on tomato. In addition, the increase of plant age at the time of inoculation corresponds with a decrease of symptom expression. Distinguishable symptoms between mixed PLRV+TCDVd infection and single TCDVd infection could be observed only 6 to 8 weeks after inoculation and developed as newly emerging dwarfed and hard sprouts on top of the plant.
The macroscopic symptoms may correlate with a variation of cytopathogical changes in viroid infected tissues. Disintegration of cell walls of many parenchyma cells and appearance of vesicular plasmalemmasomes are probably associated with leaf distortions and curling leaves in plants with macroscopic symptoms. Moreover, malformation of grana and thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts were typical for TCDVd-infected tissues. In PLRV-infected tissues massive accumulation of carbohydrates as starch grains could be observed in chloroplasts being a consequence of blocked translocation of photoassimilates.
Besides, the viroid RNAs remain infectious for at least 4 months at -20⁰C storage condition and somewhat less after storage in a refrigerator at 4⁰C and most astonishingly after drying at room temperature. Thus, the importance of phytosanitary treatments during crop handling and plant cultivation should be highlighted. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most promising disinfectant against TCDVd in aqueous solution in plant sap and after treatment of contaminated handling tools in practical greenhouse work. Concentration of 0.5% NaOCl and an incubation time of 20s are sufficient to disinfect TCDVd on cutting tools and in solution. Comparable disinfection results could be achieved by flaming cutting tools with 96% alcohol.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/7344}
}

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