Tutu Benefoh, Daniel: Assessing land-use dynamics in a Ghanaian cocoa landscape. - Bonn, 2018. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-51424
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/7357,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-51424,
author = {{Daniel Tutu Benefoh}},
title = {Assessing land-use dynamics in a Ghanaian cocoa landscape},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2018,
month = jul,

note = {Ghana is one of the two West African nations that produce 60% of the World's annual 4 million tonnes cocoa. The Ghanaian cocoa industry is valued at US$ 2 billion and offers direct jobs to 800,000 farming families. Despite the positive contributions to the Ghanaian economy and livelihoods, cocoa production is a well-known driver of deforestation and forest degradation due to the unsustainable expansion and intensification practices associated with the way it is cultivated. The concept of "zero-deforestation cocoa supply chain" is top on the agenda of the chocolate industry. This, this research seeks to contribute to the works on sustainable sourcing of cocoa beans from developing countries using a case study in Ghana. The aim is to understand land-use dynamics and the ecological implications for the cocoa landscape. Using remote sensing/GIS, statistics, and geostatistics techniques, major land-use types and their historical transitions were mapped. The ecological implications of the observed land-use changes for distribution of soil properties, nutrients and fertility were examined. Furthermore, the effects of cocoa intensification practices on carbon stocks, shade tree characteristics, and species diversity in cocoa plantations were assessed, and the influence of socio-economic factors on farmers' land-use preferences investigated. Using image-fusion of vegetation indices and a digital elevation model derived from multi-temporal Landsat images, areas of six main land-use types were mapped with high accuracy, i.e. cocoa agroforest, cocoa monocrop, forest, open forest, bush/shrub/food crops and settlement. A post-classification change detection was performed on land-use maps of the years 1986 and 2015. The findings from the mapping corroborate that cocoa expansion is a major driver of the historical land-use changes in the cocoa landscape. The historical land-use transitions were dominated by cocoa expansion into open forest and areas categorized as lands-in-transition. The results also show that the spatial distribution of soil nitrogen, organic carbon and phosphorus were neither controlled by topography nor by land-use type. However, forest soils generally contained more organic carbon than soils under cocoa plantations and were strongly associated with the distribution of clay, total nitrogen, and pH. The type of agroforest practices adopted by the farmers also influenced soil fertility. The results conclusively establish that irrespective of the shade tree species composition, number of shade trees and farm age, soil fertility benefits do not depend on whether the farming system is monoculture and simple or complex agroforest. This research corroborates widely documented findings that forest tends to have higher carbon storage and richer tree biodiversity than agroforest or monoculture cocoa plantations. Shade trees contributed more to carbon stocks in the cocoa plantations than the cocoa trees, and the dendrometric characteristics of the shade trees influenced the carbon stocks and diversity levels. This explains the strong statistical relationship between tree parameters and carbon stocks. Significant differences in how farmer ethnicity or gender influenced land-use choices were not identified. Statistically, some socio-economic factors and the farmers' land-use preferences influenced the decision to convert forest to cocoa or to eliminate shade trees. Ethnic origin, farming years and age had a significant influence on farmers' land-use decisions. This research provides good insights into the land-use dynamics in cocoa landscapes and can be useful in designing REDD+ and climate-smart interventions.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/7357}
}

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