Hasan, Md. Shamim: The role of Rboh-mediated ROS and glutathione in plant-nematode interaction. - Bonn, 2019. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-55848
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/8009,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-55848,
author = {{Md. Shamim Hasan}},
title = {The role of Rboh-mediated ROS and glutathione in plant-nematode interaction},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2019,
month = nov,

note = {Aerobic life forms are known for constant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the deleterious end-products of aerobic energy that are able to provoke cellular damage. The ROS production in plants can be triggered by various kinds of abiotic stresses and pathogen attack. One of the earliest and vital aspects of a plant's defence strategy is oxidative burst, which is a rapid and transient release of large amounts of ROS. In plants, pathogen-induced ROS are mainly generated by plasma membrane-bound NADPH oxidases called respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) that resemble the mammalian NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit gp91phox. In Arabidopsis, Rboh is encoded by ten genes (hereafter called 'RbohA-RbohJ'). In plant-pathogen interactions, Rboh-mediated ROS have a sophisticated, pathosystem-specific role; however, the mechanistic details are still unknown. ROS are toxic to cells at high concentrations and thus a fine-tuned balance between ROS production and their detoxification is needed for efficient plant metabolism and functions under optimal as well as stress conditions. The most abundant and ubiquitous non-protein thiol, glutathione is regarded as the master antioxidant for counteracting the toxic effects of ROS. Residing at the centre of a complex antioxidant network in plants, it also maintains a tight control of the redox status and mediates many other physiological conditions including cellular signaling. In most plant-pathogen interactions, glutathione act as negative regulator of pathogenicity but the role of glutathione during the infection of plants by root-parasitic nematodes is largely unresolved. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism by which NADPH oxidases promotes plant infection by examining the plant response to nematodes and to decipher the mechanism how glutathione modulates plant responses to nematode infection using Arabidopsis thaliana-Heterodera schachtii model system.
Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major agricultural threat to almost all economically important crops, causing billions of dollars of losses world wide. Most of this damage is caused by a small group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasites including the beet cyst nematode H. schachtii. Infective-stage juveniles (J2s) of the nematode invade the roots and establish a biotrophic relationship through inducing a neoplastic syncytial nurse cells that functions as their sole nutrient source. In our previous work, we found that the invasion by cyst nematode causes tissue damage in the host roots triggers Rboh-mediated ROS production. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis mutants, rbohD/F lacking ROS production have been shown to be less susceptible to cyst nematode infection. To decipher the mechanism underlying Rboh-mediated nematode susceptibility, we performed a comparative hormone profiling as well as genome-wide transcriptome analysis between Col-0 and rbohD/F during the early stages of nematode infection. We identified Walls Are Thin 1 (WAT1) gene, which encodes a vacuolar auxin transporter, as the gene that was most strongly downregulated in rbohD/F. Genetic disruption of WAT1 resulted in a nematode-resistant phenotype that was comparable to rbohD/F, thus suggesting that Rboh-mediated resistance to nematodes is linked to WAT1. Further analysis revealed a link between Rboh-linked nematode resistance and auxin metabolism in infected tissues. Thus, we conclude that H. schachtii stimulate NADPH oxidase in plants to produce ROS that in turn activate the expression of WAT1 to mediate auxin transport needed for its development.
Glutathione biosynthesis in plants is mediated by the functions of two ATP-dependent enzymes γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, encoded by GSH1 and GSH2 genes, respectively. The induction of these genes in both migratory and sedentary stages of infection underpins the function of glutathione in cyst nematode parasitism. We found that mutations in GSH1 results different mutant alleles that accumulate differentially altered cysteine and glutathione amounts independent of cyst nematode infection. However, depletion of glutathione level leads to enhanced susceptibility in pad2-1, cad2-1and zir1 and reduced susceptibility in rax1-1 to nematode infection. Analysis of redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP) probe revealed that the expression of GRX1-roGFP2 significantly reduced in pad2-1 but increased in rax1-1 during early stage of infection, indicating a clear oxidative shift of the cytosolic glutathione redox potential. Further analysis shows that camalexin accumulation negatively affects plant susceptibility to nematode infection. Thus, our results demonstrate the importance of glutathione to orchestrate plant defense via regulating cellular redox homeostasis and camalexin production against cyst nematode infection.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/8009}
}

Die folgenden Nutzungsbestimmungen sind mit dieser Ressource verbunden:

InCopyright