Hecht, Vera Lisa: Root and shoot phenotypic traits and their expression in response to sowing density in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare). - Bonn, 2019. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-56328
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/8016,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-56328,
author = {{Vera Lisa Hecht}},
title = {Root and shoot phenotypic traits and their expression in response to sowing density in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare)},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2019,
month = nov,

note = {Much is known about plant performance under controlled conditions and much about performance under field conditions as well as on single plants and populations. The extent, however, to which the variability of traits, especially root traits, in single plants and individuals in a population differs from each other was still unclear.
To increase the comparability of results of experiments or studies in controlled conditions and in field trials it is crucial to investigate not only single plants but plants in populations, both in the lab and the field, since outside – both at an agronomic and a natural field-site – plants virtually never grow as one single individual but in a population or cluster (as plants of the same species growing in the same area or volume of substrate). Individuals growing in the same substrate will interact with each other within a defined volume, especially when they are larger in size and the amount of interaction will increase over time. The effects of plant-plant interactions on the plant phenotype and particular the root phenotype will depend on plant density. Therefore, I focused on sowing density as a critical aspect of the systematic comparison of plant root architecture. In this thesis, I investigated the plant performance of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), an important crop in Germany but also worldwide, since little was known about the barley root system. Hence, I studied spring barley grown as single plants and in clusters at various sowing densities both in rhizotrons and pots in the greenhouse, climate chamber, and outdoors at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, and at a field site at Campus Klein-Altendorf, Germany, as presented in the following four chapters:
1) In the first chapter 3.1 (Hecht et al. 2016), I was interested in what a response curve to sowing density looks like. I focused on the results of the field trial and provided response curves of several traits to sowing density: Root length density (RLD), specific root length (SRL) especially in the 0-10cm topsoil layer, specific leaf area (SLA), the depth above which 50% of the fine roots are located (D50 of fine roots), stem mass fraction (SMF), and final grain yield increased with increasing sowing density. In contrast, shoot dry weight (SDW) per plant, tiller number per plant, and root mass fraction (RMF) decreased. SDW per tiller, leaf mass fraction (LMF), and D50 of major root axes were not affected by sowing density. Based on these findings, I concluded that observed responses may suggest that competition for light was greater than for nutrients.
2) In the second chapter 3.2 (Hecht et al. 2018), I addressed how the measured alterations of traits at the crop level (described in chapter 3.1) could be explained by changes of traits or trait components at the individual plant and organ level. I observed that, per plant, SDW, tiller number but also nodal root number decreased with increasing sowing density, while the branching angle, the lateral branching frequency, the number of seminal roots, and the ratio of nodal roots per tiller were not affected, however, the later increased over time. The older a plant was, the more tillers it produced (the maximum number depended on sowing density) and the tillers bore on average more nodal roots. Nonetheless, even in old plants at flowering, I found tillers with no nodal roots. Furthermore, the ratio of seminal (= smaller in diameter) to nodal roots (= thicker in diameter) increased with sowing density. In summary, I concluded that RLD increased because the number of roots increased (seminal and nodal roots) per area and the increased ratio of seminal to nodal roots may explain the greater SRL. In addition, I proposed a formula to estimate RLD from root counts, using the number of main axes, the lateral branching frequency, and the average length of a lateral root.
3) In the third chapter 3.3 (submitted to Annals in Botany, December 2018), I studied the differences in the response to sowing density of two lines with contrasting root systems. Here, I asked if a bigger root system selected in the greenhouse could be reproduced in the field and if so, if this bigger root system led to other changes in traits, like RLD or final grain yield. Further, I asked what factors might help in translation from lab to field. I observed that the two genotypes sometimes differed a lot and sometimes were very similar depending on the time point of sampling and the measured trait. Nonetheless, I could reproduce the bigger root system-phenotype partly but not as strong as described in literature. Despite the sometimes bigger root system, that line did not have greater final grain yield. For translation from lab to field, apart from temperature and light, the time point (i.e. the developmental stage of the plant or plant age) of the observation or measurement and the growth environment seem crucial.
4) The fourth chapter 3.4 (Burkart et al. 2018) is about using the green-red-vegetation-index (GRVI) of an image taken by a normal RGB-camera installed on a drone or un-manned aerial vehicle (UAV) to determine the developmental stage of a crop. I recorded the developmental stage using the BBCH scale and provided the data for correlating the BBCH stage to the measured GRVI. I concluded that it is indeed possible to use the GRVI to determine BBCH, however, the correlation needs to be set up individually for each crop and can then be used as a tool to determine BBCH. The development of this technique is thereby promising for future research, whereas in my study I still had to rely on manual measurements to determine the developmental stage of the plants.
n summary, in the course of this thesis, I gained deeper insight into plant and especially root plasticity in response to sowing density. For instance, nodal root formation was strongly associated with tiller formation and RLD with the number of roots. As sowing density affected plant growth earliest about four weeks after sowing, I recommend to take sowing density into account when experiments run longer than three weeks. Further, with respect to lab field translation, not only sowing density but also the developmental stage and plant age should be taken into account.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/8016}
}

Die folgenden Nutzungsbestimmungen sind mit dieser Ressource verbunden:

InCopyright