Schneider, Michael: Adaptation assessment of a spring barley population to organic and conventional agro-ecosystems using genome sequencing approaches. - Bonn, 2021. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-63066
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/9237,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-63066,
author = {{Michael Schneider}},
title = {Adaptation assessment of a spring barley population to organic and conventional agro-ecosystems using genome sequencing approaches},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2021,
month = jul,

note = {Over the past few decades, plant breeding has contributed significantly to increased crop yields in industrial agriculture. Besides, alternative, environmentally friendly farming approaches became more popular in the past years. However, questions arise which breeding goals are relevant to breed new varieties which are specially adapted for organic farming. The common practice of transferring conventionally adapted material into organic farming might lead to yield losses due to lacking adaptation of such varieties to organically farmed environments. So far, little is known about physiologically relevant characteristics for organically adapted varieties.
To answer this question, a long-term selection experiment in a spring barley population was established in 1998. A twice backcrossed population with a cultivar as recurrent and a wild-type as donor parents was established and cropped in conventionally and organically managed farming environments for more than two decades. Mainly the farming environments with their adjustments in fertilization, crop rotation, and plant protection as well as weather impacts should have driven the selection of individual genotypes in these populations. Therefore, the artificial selection was reduced to a minimum so that only natural selection should lead to changes in the allele frequencies of the populations.
In this thesis, complete populations for different generations and environments were genotyped entirely by applying a novel pool-based deep genotyping using a whole-genome resequencing approach. Implementing a haplotyping strategy makes it possible to dissect allele frequency variations on gene-level at low sequencing depth. Additionally, allele frequency variations between neighboring haplotypes have been used to calculate a consistent genetic map.
Comparing the organically and conventionally adapted populations, a distinct variation between the systems was observed. The organic population was characterized by a high variation in the population, with a conspicuous tendency to evolve apart from the conventional population. The latter showed evidence of an early equilibrium state from the twelfth generation onwards. Nevertheless, these latest allele frequency changes were small compared to significant changes in the early generations. The calculation of a genetic map additionally indicated a more pronounced selection in the conventional population, leading to the assumption that the heterogeneity is lower in this population. In general, the wild alleles showed a higher fitness effect in the organic farming system. Some wild-type alleles were selected in the conventional system, whereas those alleles with a depressing effect on the yield were negatively selected. Exemplarily, this has been observed for two brittleness alleles and a dormancy allele. A metastudy of identified QTL regions for agronomically relevant traits revealed several candidate loci with variant allele frequencies between environments or generations. Those were clustered in yield components, yield physiology, biotic stress resistance, drought tolerance, root morphology, and nutrient uptake. Significant variations between the organically and conventionally adapted populations were observed for the root morphology, yield physiology, and drought tolerance. The variations in the root system were confirmed by two phenotypic experiments, which revealed higher root length, lower angle, and increased heterogeneity in the organic population. Pronounced root growth and coverage of the rhizosphere by the entire population, with each individual in its unique niche, might enable a better accumulation of nutrients and, at the same time, will increase resilience against drought events.
Concluding, evolutionary adaptation processes in large populations undergoing long-term natural selection processes of a cereal crop were genetically examined by an innovative pool sequencing and haplotyping approach. Based on these findings, breeding goals for organic varieties could be adjusted and propagated.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/9237}
}

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