Eggemann, Lea Jasmin: An environmental and economic assessment of a novel Power-to-Fuel system for biogas plants. - Bonn, 2022. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-65242
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/9655,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-65242,
author = {{Lea Jasmin Eggemann}},
title = {An environmental and economic assessment of a novel Power-to-Fuel system for biogas plants},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2022,
month = mar,

note = {Power-to-Fuel (PtF) systems use carbon dioxide and hydrogen as feedstock together for renewable fuel production and can hence contribute to climate change mitigation. This study tries to evaluate whether an innovative PtF system in combination with a manure-based biogas plant could be a future option in the German energy system. Under this concept, the carbon dioxide from the biogas is used, which is normally released into the atmosphere. The hydrogen is obtained via wind-based electrolysis. The analysis is a first attempt to estimate the economic and environmental performance of such a system for synthetic methanol production. In a techno-economic analysis, a small-scale methanol plant is integrated into the analysed system. The analysis is separated into the process simulation of the methanol plant that does not yet exist at this scale and the development of a methodology for the plant’s cost estimation adapted to the entire PtF concept. The module costs are determined by enquiries from manufacturers. With the prices received and some further adjustments, the specific manufacturing costs can be determined to be 4.41 €/kgMeOH for methanol production combined with an existing small-manure plant (75 kW). In addition, three cases with different available amounts of CO2 are examined. One smaller case with the smallest available engine of MAN for the combined heat and power plant, one bigger case including the biogas oxyfuel process (BOP) and one adjusted to an average German biogas plant with 500 kW. The analysis shows that, as opposed to the standard case, the BOP is advantageous as it does not require additional biogas upgrading and generates twice the amount of CO2. Hence, the costs are lower at 3.17 €/kgMeOH. In general, it is shown that the costs of manufacturing per kg product decrease with an increasing plant size. This can be explained by the economies of scale. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses shows that the H2 costs and the fixed capital investment (FCI) have the greatest impact among the parameters. However, the impact of the FCI decreases with an increasing plant size. The interest rate and the cost of CO2 have an impact on the costs of manufacturing as well, whereby the costs of the utilities have nearly no impact at all. The system is further analysed by considering learning curves and other adaptations for future development. The addition of possible revenues from co-products also helps to converge prices with those of other PtF plants. The system linked to an average biogas plant shows comparatively low production costs with 1.38 €/kgMeOH. In the second part of the study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is carried out, from cradle to gate, for 1 kg of methanol produced with the integrated system operated on the scale of the small-manure plant. In view of the multi-functionality of the process, the uncertainty in LCA outcomes is assessed by considering different assumptions on co-product credits for the heat and electricity from cogeneration and the digestate from the anaerobic digestion. The majority of in total nine analysed scenarios show significant improvements compared with conventional methanol production from fossil resources. Scenario A1 achieves CO2-eq. savings of 1.09 kg, compared to the reference system which emits CO2-eq. of 0.85 kg; an improvement of 1.95 kg CO2-eq. is noted. At an annual production of 212 tonnes of methanol, a total of 413 t/a CO2-eq. emissions can be saved. In addition, a sensitivity analysis examines the influence of the variability of the life cycle inventory data on the results. The sensitivity analysis shows that parameters determining the overall energy requirements in the PtF system greatly influence its environmental performance and should be carefully considered in process design and upscaling. Despite the uncertainties inherent in the life cycle assessment, the system offers an interesting option for producing renewable methanol while contributing to a circular economy. Even if the economic viability is not yet given, the future development of costs and revenues as well as the positive environmental effects can give the system a perspective.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/9655}
}

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