Cao, Xinyue: Improving nitrogen retention in soils treated with Pig and cattle slurry through the use of organic soil amendments. - Bonn, 2023. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-70643
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/10895,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-70643,
author = {{Xinyue Cao}},
title = {Improving nitrogen retention in soils treated with Pig and cattle slurry through the use of organic soil amendments},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2023,
month = jun,

note = {Animal slurry has recently experienced a renaissance as organic nitrogen (N) fertilizer because, on the one hand, sustainable organic farming is receiving growing attention in order to protect the environment and, on the other hand, increasing livestock farming produces large amounts of animal manure that should be properly disposed of to avoid further environmental pollution. However, it should not be neglected that the application of animal slurries may also have negative effects, such as N losses and N contamination, especially in areas with intensive livestock production. Although there are strategies available to reduce N losses from single pathways, such as ammonia (NH3) loss or nitrate (NO3-) leaching, these strategies are not widely used by farmers due to increased costs or the potential for increased N losses from other pathways. High-carbon organic soil amendments (HCAs) with large C:N ratio have shown great potential in reducing N losses and increasing the N retention capacity of the soil. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the combined effects of treating slurries with various HCAs under different conditions after application to soil.
In a laboratory experiment, the potential of three common HCAs—wheat straw, sawdust, and leonardite— to mitigate N loss was evaluated when applied to soil along with pig and cattle slurry. By analyzing N emission, we found that leonardite was most effective in reducing NH3 and nitrous oxide (N2O) loss. 15N labeling showed that the application of leonardite was associated with the highest N retention in soil (24% average slurry N recovery), followed by wheat straw (20% average slurry N recovery). Furthermore, to investigate the effect of wheat straw or leonardite in combination with cattle slurry fertilization under field conditions, a two-year lysimeter experiment was conducted with winter wheat in the first year and winter barley in the second year using 15N-labeled cattle slurry. The results showed that leonardite improved the retention of slurry N in soil, but did not reduce grain N content compared to the straw treatment, making leonardite a suitable HCA to improve N fertilizer efficiency and soil N retention after slurry application.
However, since leonardite is not a renewable resource, biochar was produced from spruce sawdust and oxidized using the Fenton reaction to introduce oxygen-rich functional groups to the biochar surface in order to find a sustainable alternative to leonardite. The results showed that oxidized biochar greatly decreased NH3 emission from cattle slurry by increased adsorption of ammonium (NH4+) in cattle slurry compared to non-oxidized biochar, indicating the great potential of oxidized biochar for reducing N losses during slurry application. To test this potential, non-oxidized and oxidized biochar was investigated with three different soils amended with cattle slurry. The results showed that oxidized biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 64-75% in all soils, while untreated biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 61% only in sandy soil. In loamy sand, oxidized biochar increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in topsoil, which stimulated immobilization of slurry N in microbial biomass, thus improving the quality of this marginal acidic soil.
This thesis concludes that among the HCAs tested in this work, leonardite is the most suitable, when applied with animal slurries (pig and cattle slurries), to effectively bind N, mitigate N losses and improve N retention in the soil, while leonardite did not reduce N nutrition in crops under field conditions. In addition, Fenton oxidation can introduce oxygen-rich functional groups in biochar and improve its ability to adsorb NH4+, thus reducing NH3 emissions from cattle slurry. And when oxidized biochar was applied with cattle slurry to three different soils, it could reduce gaseous N losses and potentially improve microbial N immobilization capacity, especially in sandy soil. In the future, research should focus on further improving the adsorption capacity of biochar to the full level of leonardite, and conducting long-term field experiments before large-scale applications, to better understand the longer-term effects of HCAs in soils.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/10895}
}

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