Hordeum erectifolium, a physiological and genomic study of drought-adaptive traits
Hordeum erectifolium, a physiological and genomic study of drought-adaptive traits
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DissertationPrüfungsdatum
18.12.2024Datum der Veröffentlichung
24.01.2025Erstgutachter
von Korff Schmising, MariaZweitgutachter
Dörmann, PeterMetadaten
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Inhalt
Drought stresses plants at multiple levels, affecting water uptake, stomatal evaporation, and intracellular stability, which in turn impacts plant fitness and yield. To develop climate-resilient crops, I investigated barley’s tertiary gene pool, focusing on the crop wild relative Hordeum erectifolium.
First, I explored leaf anatomy of H. erectifolium, H. vulgare cv. Morex, a modern cultivar, and a wild accession of barley H. vulgare spontaneum B1K-04-12. I found anatomical characteristics only in the leaves of H. erectifolium which have been described as adaptive to xeric conditions.
Next, I generated a chromosomal scale reference genome of H. erectifolium using Oxford Nanopore Technology long-read sequencing, and structural gene annotation was aided by tissue-specific PacBio IsoSeq full-length transcript sequencing. Comparing the three genomes, I investigated chromosomal structural rearrangements and the composition of long terminal repeats retrotransposons.
Further, I compared the hierarchical phylogenetic orthologs of seven monocot species and one dicot for genetic signatures for gene gain or loss of abiotic stress-related gene families on the phylogenetic branch of H. erectifolium. I uncovered gene family expansions related to adaptation to drought, saline, and cold tolerance.
Lastly, I investigated the transcriptional response of H. erectifolium and Morex during a controlled dry-down drought and recovery experiment in soil. Transcriptional changes were detected on the second day of dry-down in Morex but not in H. erectifolium, and most differentially regulated genes in H. erectifolium reached control expression levels 24 hours after rewatering, but not in Morex. During dry-down, H. erectifolium was enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis, detoxification, and various localizations and transport. Whereas, Morex was mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of small molecules and proteins. The enriched pathways in H. erectifolium hinted at the capacity for drought tolerance.
This work thus demonstrates the potential of H. erectifolium as a model species for extensive drought adaptation. It shows the morphological and genetic complexities for adaptations to xeric environments and illustrates how the tertiary gene pool of barley can be used to study anatomical, physiological, and genetic features that can aid in producing stress-resilient crops.
First, I explored leaf anatomy of H. erectifolium, H. vulgare cv. Morex, a modern cultivar, and a wild accession of barley H. vulgare spontaneum B1K-04-12. I found anatomical characteristics only in the leaves of H. erectifolium which have been described as adaptive to xeric conditions.
Next, I generated a chromosomal scale reference genome of H. erectifolium using Oxford Nanopore Technology long-read sequencing, and structural gene annotation was aided by tissue-specific PacBio IsoSeq full-length transcript sequencing. Comparing the three genomes, I investigated chromosomal structural rearrangements and the composition of long terminal repeats retrotransposons.
Further, I compared the hierarchical phylogenetic orthologs of seven monocot species and one dicot for genetic signatures for gene gain or loss of abiotic stress-related gene families on the phylogenetic branch of H. erectifolium. I uncovered gene family expansions related to adaptation to drought, saline, and cold tolerance.
Lastly, I investigated the transcriptional response of H. erectifolium and Morex during a controlled dry-down drought and recovery experiment in soil. Transcriptional changes were detected on the second day of dry-down in Morex but not in H. erectifolium, and most differentially regulated genes in H. erectifolium reached control expression levels 24 hours after rewatering, but not in Morex. During dry-down, H. erectifolium was enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis, detoxification, and various localizations and transport. Whereas, Morex was mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of small molecules and proteins. The enriched pathways in H. erectifolium hinted at the capacity for drought tolerance.
This work thus demonstrates the potential of H. erectifolium as a model species for extensive drought adaptation. It shows the morphological and genetic complexities for adaptations to xeric environments and illustrates how the tertiary gene pool of barley can be used to study anatomical, physiological, and genetic features that can aid in producing stress-resilient crops.
Schlagwörter
Hordeum erectifolium, Hordeum vulgare, genome, drought, bioinformatics, barley
Klassifikation (DDC)
570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie 580 Pflanzen (Botanik)Ergänzende Forschungsdaten
https://doi.org/10.60507/FK2/DDQAA0Haraldsson, Einar Baldvin: Hordeum erectifolium, a physiological and genomic study of drought-adaptive traits. - Bonn, 2025. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80348
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80348
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/12759,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80348,
doi: https://doi.org/10.48565/bonndoc-488,
author = {{Einar Baldvin Haraldsson}},
title = {Hordeum erectifolium, a physiological and genomic study of drought-adaptive traits},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = jan,
note = {Drought stresses plants at multiple levels, affecting water uptake, stomatal evaporation, and intracellular stability, which in turn impacts plant fitness and yield. To develop climate-resilient crops, I investigated barley’s tertiary gene pool, focusing on the crop wild relative Hordeum erectifolium.
First, I explored leaf anatomy of H. erectifolium, H. vulgare cv. Morex, a modern cultivar, and a wild accession of barley H. vulgare spontaneum B1K-04-12. I found anatomical characteristics only in the leaves of H. erectifolium which have been described as adaptive to xeric conditions.
Next, I generated a chromosomal scale reference genome of H. erectifolium using Oxford Nanopore Technology long-read sequencing, and structural gene annotation was aided by tissue-specific PacBio IsoSeq full-length transcript sequencing. Comparing the three genomes, I investigated chromosomal structural rearrangements and the composition of long terminal repeats retrotransposons.
Further, I compared the hierarchical phylogenetic orthologs of seven monocot species and one dicot for genetic signatures for gene gain or loss of abiotic stress-related gene families on the phylogenetic branch of H. erectifolium. I uncovered gene family expansions related to adaptation to drought, saline, and cold tolerance.
Lastly, I investigated the transcriptional response of H. erectifolium and Morex during a controlled dry-down drought and recovery experiment in soil. Transcriptional changes were detected on the second day of dry-down in Morex but not in H. erectifolium, and most differentially regulated genes in H. erectifolium reached control expression levels 24 hours after rewatering, but not in Morex. During dry-down, H. erectifolium was enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis, detoxification, and various localizations and transport. Whereas, Morex was mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of small molecules and proteins. The enriched pathways in H. erectifolium hinted at the capacity for drought tolerance.
This work thus demonstrates the potential of H. erectifolium as a model species for extensive drought adaptation. It shows the morphological and genetic complexities for adaptations to xeric environments and illustrates how the tertiary gene pool of barley can be used to study anatomical, physiological, and genetic features that can aid in producing stress-resilient crops.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/12759}
}
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80348,
doi: https://doi.org/10.48565/bonndoc-488,
author = {{Einar Baldvin Haraldsson}},
title = {Hordeum erectifolium, a physiological and genomic study of drought-adaptive traits},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = jan,
note = {Drought stresses plants at multiple levels, affecting water uptake, stomatal evaporation, and intracellular stability, which in turn impacts plant fitness and yield. To develop climate-resilient crops, I investigated barley’s tertiary gene pool, focusing on the crop wild relative Hordeum erectifolium.
First, I explored leaf anatomy of H. erectifolium, H. vulgare cv. Morex, a modern cultivar, and a wild accession of barley H. vulgare spontaneum B1K-04-12. I found anatomical characteristics only in the leaves of H. erectifolium which have been described as adaptive to xeric conditions.
Next, I generated a chromosomal scale reference genome of H. erectifolium using Oxford Nanopore Technology long-read sequencing, and structural gene annotation was aided by tissue-specific PacBio IsoSeq full-length transcript sequencing. Comparing the three genomes, I investigated chromosomal structural rearrangements and the composition of long terminal repeats retrotransposons.
Further, I compared the hierarchical phylogenetic orthologs of seven monocot species and one dicot for genetic signatures for gene gain or loss of abiotic stress-related gene families on the phylogenetic branch of H. erectifolium. I uncovered gene family expansions related to adaptation to drought, saline, and cold tolerance.
Lastly, I investigated the transcriptional response of H. erectifolium and Morex during a controlled dry-down drought and recovery experiment in soil. Transcriptional changes were detected on the second day of dry-down in Morex but not in H. erectifolium, and most differentially regulated genes in H. erectifolium reached control expression levels 24 hours after rewatering, but not in Morex. During dry-down, H. erectifolium was enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis, detoxification, and various localizations and transport. Whereas, Morex was mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of small molecules and proteins. The enriched pathways in H. erectifolium hinted at the capacity for drought tolerance.
This work thus demonstrates the potential of H. erectifolium as a model species for extensive drought adaptation. It shows the morphological and genetic complexities for adaptations to xeric environments and illustrates how the tertiary gene pool of barley can be used to study anatomical, physiological, and genetic features that can aid in producing stress-resilient crops.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/12759}
}
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