Wingens, Christopher: The international dimension of autocratisation and its prevention : Linking an actor-centred approach with a concept of external autocracy prevention. - Bonn, 2025. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80987
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80987
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/12793,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80987,
doi: https://doi.org/10.48565/bonndoc-502,
author = {{Christopher Wingens}},
title = {The international dimension of autocratisation and its prevention : Linking an actor-centred approach with a concept of external autocracy prevention},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = feb,
note = {Democratic achievements resulting from political transformation processes of the 20th century are globally threatened by a manifesting third wave of autocratisation. Driven by trends of increasing political polarisation, populist leadership styles, and the gradual curtailment of core democratic institutions, this wave poses a challenge to democracy worldwide. While many of the challenges to democracy must first and foremost be addressed by the societies concerned, the policy field of international democracy promotion is also confronted with the challenge of readjusting established strategies and measures to promote democracy in the sense of a stronger focus on the protection of democratic institutions and actors. So far, only a few scientific studies have been conducted on the comparatively new practice of international democracy protection and the effectiveness of specific measures to prevent autocratisation. However, building on insights from autocratisation research, which increasingly contributes analyses of key domestic democracy protecting actors, processes, and institutions, the comparatively young field of research on international democracy protection is also gaining momentum. However, it is characterised by a low level of conceptualisation and theorisation, as well as an inconsistent use of central concepts and operationalisations. Accordingly, the empirical knowledge about the potential preventive or protective influence of international factors on autocratisation processes is comparatively limited.
Taking up these research gaps and located at the interface between the two political science subdisciplines of Comparative Politics and International Relations, I examine as my overarching research question: how do external factors contribute to the prevention of autocratisation. To answer my question, I first develop the external autocracy prevention as a guiding concept and a decision theory that focuses on the decision-making process of incumbents and takes into account external factors in the assessment of costs and benefits. Based on the theoretical considerations, I derive specific hypotheses about the influence of external democracy protection measures and international context conditions on autocratisation processes, i.e. on the decisions of incumbents to initiate them. For the analysis, I develop and apply a mixed-methods design that combines a quantitative cross-national macro-analysis with two qualitative case studies on autocratisation processes in Senegal and Indonesia.
The key findings of my work are that both cooperative external democracy protection measures such as democracy aid and more coercive ones such as democratic arms sanctions can contribute to preventing autocratisation. At the same time, my results suggest that the use and effectiveness especially of coercive measures are subject to high thresholds. These thresholds are highly context-dependent and depend, on the one hand, on the domestic political context and, on the other hand, on the international pro-democratic environment. Thus, international measures to protect democracy can only be effective if they can build on an established and mobilised domestic pro-democratic opposition and social movements. Furthermore, my results suggest that the depth and strength of pro-democratic international linkage and leverage are important for the use and effectiveness of protective measures – as well as a coordinated approach by international actors when applying measures based on coercion. The findings of my work contribute empirically, theoretically, and conceptually to different strands of literature, most notably to the field of research on international democracy protection. Lastly, my findings are also highly relevant for ongoing policy discussions among pro-democratic foreign policy-makers about how to prevent autocratisation from abroad, by showing that context-sensitive external democratic protection measures can actually contribute to autocracy prevention.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/12793}
}
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-80987,
doi: https://doi.org/10.48565/bonndoc-502,
author = {{Christopher Wingens}},
title = {The international dimension of autocratisation and its prevention : Linking an actor-centred approach with a concept of external autocracy prevention},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = feb,
note = {Democratic achievements resulting from political transformation processes of the 20th century are globally threatened by a manifesting third wave of autocratisation. Driven by trends of increasing political polarisation, populist leadership styles, and the gradual curtailment of core democratic institutions, this wave poses a challenge to democracy worldwide. While many of the challenges to democracy must first and foremost be addressed by the societies concerned, the policy field of international democracy promotion is also confronted with the challenge of readjusting established strategies and measures to promote democracy in the sense of a stronger focus on the protection of democratic institutions and actors. So far, only a few scientific studies have been conducted on the comparatively new practice of international democracy protection and the effectiveness of specific measures to prevent autocratisation. However, building on insights from autocratisation research, which increasingly contributes analyses of key domestic democracy protecting actors, processes, and institutions, the comparatively young field of research on international democracy protection is also gaining momentum. However, it is characterised by a low level of conceptualisation and theorisation, as well as an inconsistent use of central concepts and operationalisations. Accordingly, the empirical knowledge about the potential preventive or protective influence of international factors on autocratisation processes is comparatively limited.
Taking up these research gaps and located at the interface between the two political science subdisciplines of Comparative Politics and International Relations, I examine as my overarching research question: how do external factors contribute to the prevention of autocratisation. To answer my question, I first develop the external autocracy prevention as a guiding concept and a decision theory that focuses on the decision-making process of incumbents and takes into account external factors in the assessment of costs and benefits. Based on the theoretical considerations, I derive specific hypotheses about the influence of external democracy protection measures and international context conditions on autocratisation processes, i.e. on the decisions of incumbents to initiate them. For the analysis, I develop and apply a mixed-methods design that combines a quantitative cross-national macro-analysis with two qualitative case studies on autocratisation processes in Senegal and Indonesia.
The key findings of my work are that both cooperative external democracy protection measures such as democracy aid and more coercive ones such as democratic arms sanctions can contribute to preventing autocratisation. At the same time, my results suggest that the use and effectiveness especially of coercive measures are subject to high thresholds. These thresholds are highly context-dependent and depend, on the one hand, on the domestic political context and, on the other hand, on the international pro-democratic environment. Thus, international measures to protect democracy can only be effective if they can build on an established and mobilised domestic pro-democratic opposition and social movements. Furthermore, my results suggest that the depth and strength of pro-democratic international linkage and leverage are important for the use and effectiveness of protective measures – as well as a coordinated approach by international actors when applying measures based on coercion. The findings of my work contribute empirically, theoretically, and conceptually to different strands of literature, most notably to the field of research on international democracy protection. Lastly, my findings are also highly relevant for ongoing policy discussions among pro-democratic foreign policy-makers about how to prevent autocratisation from abroad, by showing that context-sensitive external democratic protection measures can actually contribute to autocracy prevention.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/12793}
}