Llerena Pinto, Maria Cristhina: Economic and non-economic impacts of weather shocks in Ecuador : Unequal effects on vulnerable populations. - Bonn, 2025. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-82973
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/13125,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-82973,
author = {{Maria Cristhina Llerena Pinto}},
title = {Economic and non-economic impacts of weather shocks in Ecuador : Unequal effects on vulnerable populations},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = jun,

note = {Climate change threatens development. The more frequent and severe weather extremes already have economic and non-economic consequences that deepen social inequalities and disproportionately affect disadvantaged populations. This doctoral thesis examines the impacts of weather extremes on income distribution, poverty, and allocation of labor time, focusing on Ecuador, a highly vulnerable country to climate shocks. More generally, Latin America has received little attention in the literature on climate change impacts. We estimate the impact of weather shocks in rural and urban Ecuador resulting from people’s reliance on climate-sensitive activities. We also analyze how weather shocks impact non-economic aspects such as time allocation. The study uses 25 annual panel datasets with statistical representation at the national, urban, and rural levels, enabling analyses based on over 100,000 observations with econometric models. The thesis consists of three essays.
In the first essay, the impacts of recurrent rainfall shocks on rural areas are explored. Weather extremes can damage productive assets and sources of income. Households already weakened by an initial shock become even more vulnerable to subsequent ones, especially if they have not fully recovered from the initial shock. Our findings reveal that a single shock reduces per capita income by 9%, and a second subsequent shock by 13%. The poorest are disproportionately affected, especially from the second shock that slashes their income by more than half, leaving them significantly more vulnerable and impoverished.
In the second essay, in addition to household and weather data, we incorporate geographic information, such as the risk of drought, landslides, and flooding, and analyze the social distributional effects of extreme weather events in urban areas. We find that women are more adversely impacted than men, and those living in high-risk areas suffer more than those in non-risky areas. However, the poorest of the poor endure the worst consequences. Rainfall shocks push the 10th percentile of households further away from the poverty line by -9.8 percentage points, expanding their poverty gap by 62%. We contribute to the urgent need to explore the effects of climate shocks in urban contexts and reveal how rainfall shocks exacerbate the socioeconomic conditions of disadvantaged urban populations, pushing them further into poverty and worsening social inequality. The first two essays address economic aspects, providing new insights into the impacts of repeated weather shocks and geographic information. The third essay goes beyond economic impacts and explores how weather shocks affect labor allocation through time spent on household activities. We quantify how excessive and insufficient rainfall shocks increase the time spent on unpaid housework, especially among already disadvantaged groups such as women, poor households, rural communities, and the intersection of being a woman and poor. These analyses address a significant gap in the literature on climate change, gender, and labor allocation. The results show that rainfall shocks add two hours per week to domestic unpaid work. Disadvantaged populations suffer much worse consequences than the relatively better-off. The most affected group is poor women. This thesis highlights that weather extremes have major economic and non-economic impacts. Poor households, women, and people living in high-risk areas are particularly vulnerable, implying that weather extremes are further widening disparities in economic and non-economic dimensions. The findings of this thesis emphasize the need for targeted strategies and policies, such as social safety nets, that mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change and promote equity and social inclusion.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/13125}
}

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