Haberstroh, Moritz: Cuticular penetration studies : Pathways for diffusion and effects of adjuvants. - Bonn, 2025. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-84732
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-84732
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/13450,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-84732,
author = {{Moritz Haberstroh}},
title = {Cuticular penetration studies : Pathways for diffusion and effects of adjuvants},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = sep,
note = {The growing global population will increase the demand for food, requiring more sustainable and efficient food production. In modern agriculture, crop protection products help to achieve high efficiency. To improve sustainability, the efficacy of these products must be enhanced, and understanding the uptake of active ingredients is crucial.
The first chapter of this dissertation introduces a new approach to measure how surfactants affect the permeability of isolated leaf cuticles. Fluorescein was used as a model compound because its physicochemical properties are very similar to many active ingredients in crop protection products. The method for measuring cuticular permeability was validated by radiometric control measurements, showing that fluorometry is a reliable, non-radioactive alternative for studying lipophilic substances. Various alcohol ethoxylates were compared. All enhanced the permeability of fluorescein. As the HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) increased, the surfactants' ability to accelerate fluorescein diffusion decreased, allowing identification of effective surfactants.
In the second chapter of this dissertation, the importance of consistent wetting and coverage of the cuticle surface in penetration studies was highlighted. The influence of a homogeneous coverage was negligible for lipophilic substances, while the penetration of hydrophilic substances can be impeded or not take place at all. Blocking the polar pathway with silver chloride precipitates showed a decrease in penetration for hydrophilic and semi-hydrophilic compounds, while lipophilic substances were unaffected.
In the third chapter, the enhancing effect of three very different adjuvants (alcohol polyglucosides, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, and methylated rapeseed oil) on the penetration of three very different substances (methyl glucose, thiamethoxam, and terbuthylazine) was investigated. Both the adjuvants and the substances varied in their polarity. The polar alcohol polyglucosides had no enhancing effect on the penetration of the three active ingredients characterized by different polarity. Sodium lauryl ether sulfate and methylated rapeseed oils enhanced the penetration of lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. These adjuvants likely plasticize the cuticular wax, enhancing the diffusion of lipophilic and polar substances, respectively.
Overall, this thesis provides insights into how different physicochemical properties of adjuvants and active ingredients can influence the diffusion of substances across the plant cuticle. These findings can help to optimize the selection of adjuvants for improving agrochemical efficacy, leading to reduced application rates and more sustainable agricultural practices. Further research exploring the effects of relative humidity, pore blockage, and the role of adjuvants on diffusion can improve our understanding of cuticular penetration and enhance the development of more efficient crop protection products.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/13450}
}
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-84732,
author = {{Moritz Haberstroh}},
title = {Cuticular penetration studies : Pathways for diffusion and effects of adjuvants},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = sep,
note = {The growing global population will increase the demand for food, requiring more sustainable and efficient food production. In modern agriculture, crop protection products help to achieve high efficiency. To improve sustainability, the efficacy of these products must be enhanced, and understanding the uptake of active ingredients is crucial.
The first chapter of this dissertation introduces a new approach to measure how surfactants affect the permeability of isolated leaf cuticles. Fluorescein was used as a model compound because its physicochemical properties are very similar to many active ingredients in crop protection products. The method for measuring cuticular permeability was validated by radiometric control measurements, showing that fluorometry is a reliable, non-radioactive alternative for studying lipophilic substances. Various alcohol ethoxylates were compared. All enhanced the permeability of fluorescein. As the HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) increased, the surfactants' ability to accelerate fluorescein diffusion decreased, allowing identification of effective surfactants.
In the second chapter of this dissertation, the importance of consistent wetting and coverage of the cuticle surface in penetration studies was highlighted. The influence of a homogeneous coverage was negligible for lipophilic substances, while the penetration of hydrophilic substances can be impeded or not take place at all. Blocking the polar pathway with silver chloride precipitates showed a decrease in penetration for hydrophilic and semi-hydrophilic compounds, while lipophilic substances were unaffected.
In the third chapter, the enhancing effect of three very different adjuvants (alcohol polyglucosides, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, and methylated rapeseed oil) on the penetration of three very different substances (methyl glucose, thiamethoxam, and terbuthylazine) was investigated. Both the adjuvants and the substances varied in their polarity. The polar alcohol polyglucosides had no enhancing effect on the penetration of the three active ingredients characterized by different polarity. Sodium lauryl ether sulfate and methylated rapeseed oils enhanced the penetration of lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. These adjuvants likely plasticize the cuticular wax, enhancing the diffusion of lipophilic and polar substances, respectively.
Overall, this thesis provides insights into how different physicochemical properties of adjuvants and active ingredients can influence the diffusion of substances across the plant cuticle. These findings can help to optimize the selection of adjuvants for improving agrochemical efficacy, leading to reduced application rates and more sustainable agricultural practices. Further research exploring the effects of relative humidity, pore blockage, and the role of adjuvants on diffusion can improve our understanding of cuticular penetration and enhance the development of more efficient crop protection products.},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/13450}
}