Klütsch, Cornelya F. C.: Evolutionary history of Southern Arabian faunal elements with a special focus on habitat fragmentation of two model organisms, Reissita simonyi (REBEL, 1899; Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) and Hyla savignyi (AUDOUIN, 1827; Amphibia: Hylidae). - Bonn, 2006. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-07882
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/2627,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-07882,
author = {{Cornelya F. C. Klütsch}},
title = {Evolutionary history of Southern Arabian faunal elements with a special focus on habitat fragmentation of two model organisms, Reissita simonyi (REBEL, 1899; Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) and Hyla savignyi (AUDOUIN, 1827; Amphibia: Hylidae)},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2006,
note = {Habitat fragmentation is assumed to be one of the major factors for genetic separation of populations. Natural fragmentation of habitats may be caused by climatic changes and their consequences (e. g. desertification), as well as by natural disasters like bush fires or inundations. Recently, habitat fragmentation increased due to human impact. Only little is known about habitat fragmentation and population differentiation as well as distributional ranges of faunal elements in Southern Arabia. Therefore, detailed studies for this geographical area were still lacking. The two faunal elements chosen for this study were Reissita simonyi (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) and Hyla savignyi (Amphibia: Hylidae). These species show special ecological features, which make them presumable sensitive to habitat fragmentation. Moreover, both species show different dispersion abilities, which is a crucial factor to maintain gene flow also over higher distances between populations. Reissita simonyi is a flying diurnal moth, which is assumed to migrate longer distances than Hyla savignyi. Amphibians often show high pond fidelity and generally migrate only a few kilometers, although long-distance migration was found in a closely related species, H. arborea.
Results indicated for both species heterozygosity deficiencies and high inbreeding coefficients. Furthermore, high FST values between population pairs in H. savignyi indicate restricted gene flow between patches. Moreover, in both species a significant correlation of genetic differentiation and geographical distance (isolation by distance) was found. Besides, in both species a significant correlation between altitude and genetic differentiation was present.
Thus, in Hyla savignyi population structure is strongly formed by geographical distance and high genetic differentiation in general (FST), which is consistent with the assumption of low dispersion ability. However, it is also shown that not only the aforementioned effects shaped the genetic structure of H. savignyi populations, but also by long distance gene flow can be detected. The population structure of H. savignyi showed a clear substructure into three major groups, which showed a North to South extension. Within these groups, no isolation by distance effects could be observed. This indicates a higher connectivity within than among groups.
In R. simonyi, the division in two subspecies could be confirmed with genetic data. The genetic analysis revealed a significant separation of two groups, which are identical with the subspecies. This clear pattern was supported by a greater genetic differentiation between groups in comparison to within-group differentiation. Thus, within subspecies, the genetic differentiation was lower, which indicates a higher connectivity within subspecies. In total, the degree of genetic differentiation was much lower in R. simonyi than in H. savignyi. Hence, it is concluded that populations of R. simonyi are more genetically tied than populations of H. savignyi, besides high inbreeding coefficients and heterozygosity deficiencies, which are assumed to be based on null alleles. One explanation for this low genetic differentiation is surely the higher dispersion ability caused by the ability to fly and therefore, the potential to migrate over larger geographical distances. A second possible explanation is that the larval food plants occur with a sufficient frequency and therefore a strong isolation of populations of R. simonyi is avoided. Finally, the data supported the well known phenomenon “top-hopping” in Lepidoptera, which is the ability to migrate from one hill to another very easily. A combination of all three possibilities is the most likely explanation for the low genetic differentiation found in R. simonyi.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/2627}
}

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