Mensah, Adelina Maria: The Influence of Land-use Activities on Nutrient Inputs into Upland Catchment Streams, Ghana. - Bonn, 2009. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-18320
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/4112,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-18320,
author = {{Adelina Maria Mensah}},
title = {The Influence of Land-use Activities on Nutrient Inputs into Upland Catchment Streams, Ghana},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2009,
month = oct,

note = {In Ghana, increasing agricultural productivity is seen as an essential component of most development programs. The main objective of this study was to assess the implications of increased land-use activities on in-stream nutrients and impacts on the quality of water for domestic use and on aquatic ecosystem health. To guide the evaluation of the land-water interlinkage, the conceptual structure defined by the DPCER (Driving forces-Pressure-Chemical state-Ecological state-Response) framework was used, which is an adapted version of the traditional DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) model. The study compares three small upland sub-catchments in the same geo-morphologic Ofin Basin of the Ahafo-Ano South District. Based on the percentage cover of natural land to agricultural land, the catchments were categorized as low (Nyamebekyere), medium (Dunyankwanta), and high (Attakrom) land-use intensities. With simple mathematical tools and selected indicators, the performance of each link within the DPCER framework was evaluated, and with the comparison of each set of indicators between catchments, changes as a function of land-use intensity were assessed.
Despite overall minimal fertilizer use in Ghana, there were significant differences between the sub-catchments regarding the proportion of farmers who applied fertilizers. Attakrom showed the highest numbers of farmers (20.5%) as compared to Dunyankwanta (12.3%) and Nyamebekyere (0.0%), with applications mainly to cash crops such as cocoa and maize. Simple logistic regression explained that fertilizer use was considerably influenced by the farmer’s access to services such as farm loans and agricultural extension services, in addition to property rights and residential status. The Beale’s Ratio method, used to calculate the total annual load (kg yr-1) and yield (kg ha-1) for major nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Na, NO3-N, NH4-N, and PO4-P), showed that the highest nutrient export was from Dunyankwanta at a relative magnitude of up to 3-fold the values of the other two catchments. The annual water yield was highest in Dunyankwanta (79.91 mm yr-1) as compared to Nyamebekyere (41.33 mm yr-1) and Attakrom (22.87 mm yr-1). Total annual water yield was the main determinant of the total nutrient loads/yields, and ranged between 2.3% and 6.2% of the total annual precipitation. 48-hour grab water samples confirmed that in-stream nutrient concentrations increased with increasing land-use intensity, with significant differences between catchments for the major cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na). Median values for all nutrients were in the optimal range of the Ghana Target Water Quality Range (TWQR) for domestic use and for aquatic ecosystem health. The distribution of macroinvertebrate taxa as a function of stream chemistry also showed significant differences in the ecological states of the upland catchment streams.
The DPCER framework with a comparative catchment component was an effective methodology for describing changes as land-use intensifies. Water yield is important in estimating total nutrient export, and the inclusion of a hydrological component in the DPCER framework is proposed - to form a DHPCER model (Driving forces-Hydrology-Pressure-Chemical state-Ecological state-Response). The significant differences observed in each component of the framework strongly suggest anthropogenic influence. With Ghana’s objectives for increased agricultural productivity, the results of this study demonstrate the need for incorporating integrated water resource management into development agendas.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/4112}
}

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