Flores Orozco, Adrián: Characterization of contaminated sites and monitoring of processes accompanying bioremediation using spectral induced polarization imaging. - Bonn, 2012. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-29880
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/5389,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-29880,
author = {{Adrián Flores Orozco}},
title = {Characterization of contaminated sites and monitoring of processes accompanying bioremediation using spectral induced polarization imaging},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2012,
month = sep,

note = {Measurements of spectral induced polarization (SIP) provide information about the electrical conduction and polarization properties of the subsurface, and their frequency dependence. Several laboratory studies in the last decade have highlighted the advantages of the SIP method for environmental applications. Nevertheless, to date only a few studies have been conducted at the field scale. This work demonstrates the application of SIP imaging at the field scale for the characterization of contaminants as well as for the monitoring of processes associated with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites.
The first part of this work presents a series of well-controlled measurements collected in the laboratory in order to investigate the distribution of data error in SIP tomographic measurements. Based on a thorough analysis of discrepancies between normal and reciprocal measurements, a power-law error model is proposed to quantify the error present in phase measurements. Implementation of the proposed error model in the inversion algorithm demonstrates an improvement in the resolution of the SIP images.
Based on the methodology proposed for the data analysis, the second part of this work investigates the potential of SIP images to discriminate between the source zone and the plume of dissolved contaminants in a BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) contaminated site. For dissolved BTEX (concentrations below 1.7 g/l), imaging results reveal an increase in the polarization values with increasing BTEX concentrations. An abrupt decrease to low polarization values is observed at higher BTEX concentrations (> 1.7 g/l) associated with the occurrence of free-phase products. Moreover, for BTEX concentrations below saturation concentration, the spectral response in the low frequencies (< 40 Hz) exhibits a typical Cole-Cole response, characterized by a frequency peak; whereas higher BTEX concentrations reveal a flat spectra and a low polarization effect. Debye decomposition is used to model the spectral response and investigate the correlation between spectral parameters and the concentration of BTEX contaminants.
The application of SIP imaging for the monitoring of a bioremediation technique is presented in the third part of this work. The studied remediation technique involves the stimulation of iron and sulfate reducing bacteria through acetate injection to remove aqueous uranium from groundwater. SIP monitoring images collected over a two-year period reveal spatiotemporal changes in the polarization of aquifer sediments. These changes correlate with variations in the concentrations of aqueous iron (Fe(II)) in groundwater and precipitation of metallic minerals (e.g., FeS) following the iterative stimulation of iron and sulfate reducing microorganism. However, poor reciprocity in the raw-data was observed for measurements collected at frequencies higher than 4 Hz, most probably as a result of electromagnetic coupling.
To overcome electromagnetic coupling at high frequencies, field procedures were improved permitting the collection of time-lapse SIP data sets with a good reciprocity in the frequency bandwidth between 0.06 and 256 Hz, as presented in the fourth part of this work. Cole-Cole model fitted to pixel values extracted from the computed SIP images permitted the determination of the chargeability and time constant. The determination of such parameters is critical for the application of existing petropyhsical models required for the hydrogeological characterization of the site. Results presented here reveal changes in time constant and chargeability values consistent with variations in groundwater geochemistry and pore-space geometry (due the accumulation of metallic particles) resulting from the stimulation of subsurface microbial activity.
Based on the results presented in this study, SIP imaging appears to be a suitable technique (i) to discriminate between source zone and plume of non-aqueous-phase contaminants, like BTEX; (ii) to monitor remediation techniques in order to maintain favorable conditions for the efficient remediation of contaminants; and (iii) to infer hydrogeological information of the shallow subsurface based on existing petro-physical models, for the assessment of contaminated sites and the evaluation of remediation techniques.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/5389}
}

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