Yameogo, Poulouma Louis: Managing seasonal soil nitrogen dynamics in inland valleys of the West African savanna zone. - Bonn, 2017. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-47292
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/7019,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-47292,
author = {{Poulouma Louis Yameogo}},
title = {Managing seasonal soil nitrogen dynamics in inland valleys of the West African savanna zone},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2017,
month = may,

note = {Most cropping systems in the Dry Savanna agro-ecological zone of West Africa qualify as low-input systems. Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient element and the prevailing low-input systems rely mainly on the provision of native soil N. Depending on environmental conditions and management practices, the process of soil N mineralization not only provides N for crop nutrition but can also entail substantial N losses. Alternate soil drying and wetting cycles and seasonal changes in the rainfall intensity reportedly affect soil N dynamics and nitrate-N can be lost by leaching and denitrification, mainly during the dry-to-wet season transition period (DWT). Besides such temporal dynamics, soil N in the undulating inland valley landscape of West Africa is also subject to spatial fluxes and translocation of water and nitrate along the toposequence. This may exacerbate the intensity of nitrate dynamics in the bottomlands, used for producing rainfed lowland rice. Managing soil native N by avoiding losses during DWT is key for crop productivity in the short-term and to maintain soil fertility in long-term.
Field experiments were conducted in Burkina Faso and Benin in 2013 and 2014 to quantify the intensity and dynamics and to evaluate options for managing seasonal soil nitrate-N in inland valleys of the Dry Savanna zone. In addition, the effects of rainfall intensity and soil tillage were assessed. With the onset of the first rains, mineralization processes lead to an accumulation of nitrate-N ha-1 in the topsoil of which 10-15 kg were translocated by subsurface flows to the valley bottom wetland. Thus nitrate influxes had little effects on the performance of rice in the valley bottom, indicating the occurrence of substantial N losses. The integration of transition season crops in the lowland could capture and temporarily immobilize soil N, reducing the extractable soil nitrate content to 8-25 from 50-75 kg N ha-1 in the bare fallow control treatment. Nitrate-catching vegetation effectively reduced the build-up of native soil Nmin, thus potentially reducing nitrate-N losses and, upon biomass incorporation, enhanced the productivity of wet season rainfed rice with grain yield increases of 1-2 t ha-1 above the bare fallow control (1.7 t ha-1). The extent of such effects strongly depended on soil tillage and rainfall amounts. Thus, soil tillage tended to increase N mineralization and the extent of the nitrate peak during DWT. While a 30% reduced rainfall during DWT increased the nitrate accumulation, the absence of drastic changes in soil aeration status limited apparent nitrate losses. On the other hand, a 30% increased rainfall during DWT lead to a rapid soil saturation and little nitrate remained once the volumetric soil moisture exceeded 25%. The reported finding point to the need for management approaches that contribute to conserve native soil N for enhancing lowland rice production, such as nitrate-catching vegetation during DWT. The targeting of such approaches, however, is highly site specific and their relevance and effectiveness will depend on projected climate change.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/7019}
}

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