Mendy, Badou: Studies on nematode factors activating the plant immune system. - Bonn, 2019. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-54647
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/7992,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-54647,
author = {{Badou Mendy}},
title = {Studies on nematode factors activating the plant immune system},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2019,
month = may,

note = {Plant-parasitic nematodes are destructive pests causing crop losses accounting for billions of dollars annually. To defend against invading pathogens plants rely on innate immune system which involves the recognition of microbe/pathogen associated molecular pattern (MAMPs/PAMPs) and endogenous damage associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), by plasma membrane localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Recognition of these molecular signatures activates responses as Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern-Triggered immunity (PTI). The role of PTI during plant pathogen interaction has been well studied for many microbes of pathological importance, but not well described for plant nematode interactions.
Here we examined the role of PTI at early stages of nematode infection on plants. We describe the activation of PTI responses in Arabidopsis thaliana by a nematode aqueous diffusate termed NemaWater in a manner depending on a common co-receptor BAK1. Experiments performed after treatment of NemaWater with proteinase K and also with heating, reduce the PTI-like responses observed in untreated NemaWater samples. These results further indicate that the elicitor/s contained in NemaWater is/are of proteinaceous in nature. Considering the role played by BAK1 as co-receptor specifically for those PRRs that recognizes proteinaceous ligands, we identified a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, termed NILR1 that was specifically regulated upon infection by nematodes. Loss-of-function mutants of NILR1 were hypersusceptible to several nematode species and exhibited impaired PTI responses triggered by NemaWater. We show that NILR1 is essential for PTI responses initiated by nematodes (Chapter 2).
NemaWater protein fraction analysis revealed the presence of nematode proteins components including surface coat associated proteins (Chapter 3). We hypothesize that plants are able to recognize nematode through an unknown conserved protein molecule possibly exposed on the surface of the nematode cuticle.
Apart from recognition of conserved nematode associated molecular patterns by PRRs, plant innate immunity can also be activated as a result of cell damage and subsequent release of endogenous DAMP molecules. Plant invasion by nematodes and migration through cells causes cell-damage and possible release of cell wall fragments either in the form of oligogalacturionides (OGs), ATP, or small peptides that can act as DAMPs and activate host defence responses. These molecular mechanisms mediating damage responses during plant-nematodes interactions are not well understood. Here we report that polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) genes involved in the formation of active OG elicitors in Arabidopsis were strongly induced in response to cyst nematodes. Experiments with loss-of-function mutants and overexpression lines showed an increased and reduced cyst nematode infection, respectively. These finding suggest that cyst nematode during migration within the root cause cell damage which as a result induce camalexin and indole-glucosinolate biosynthesis pathways in a PGIP- dependent manner thereby restricting nematode establishment and development (Chapter 4). The exact ligands that interact directly with PGIPs and how active OGs are formed and act as elicitors of defense during nematode infection of plants are still elusive.
In Chapter 5, we studied the Arabidopsis peptide receptor (AtPEPRs) and their role in defense responses against nematode. Our result showed a high susceptibility of pepr1/2 double mutant to cyst nematode. In contrast, we did not observe significant differences in root-knot nematode infection of pepr1/2 mutant compared to control.
This study clearly indicates that plants have a recognition mechanism for nematode elicitors as well as host derived elicitors released as a result of cell damage caused by nematodes. Understanding how both defense regulation pathways function together will provide valuable information for engineering durable crop resistance against plant parasitic nematodes and increase crop yield.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/7992}
}

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