Domdei, Niklas: Single cell visual psychophysics. - Bonn, 2021. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-63608
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/9342,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-63608,
author = {{Niklas Domdei}},
title = {Single cell visual psychophysics},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2021,
month = oct,

note = {On the one hand, the eye is the human being’s window to the world. On the other hand the eye is a window to the human brain enabling noninvasive and in vivo assessment of nervous tissue. With adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) based microstimulation and psychophysical methods, it is possible to not only image but also stimulate the individual photoreceptor cells, and thereby test their impact on perception. Due to technical limitations, most of these psychophysical experiments addressing the fundamentals of human vision are currently conducted outside the foveola, the very center of the retina. This thesis focuses on determining and solving these limitations to enable human visual psychophysics in the foveola on an individual cellular level.
To convert the AOSLO into a display system for psychophysics, a fast modulation of the scanning laser beam is needed. The best solution in terms of switching time and contrast range is an acoustooptic modulator (AOM). However, these AOM leak a significant amount of residual light, producing a visible background and thereby limiting the experimental options. By cascading two AOMs, we not only eliminated the background, but also boosted the radiant power contrasts up to 1:10^10, which is the highest visual contrast reported for any display system so far. A psychophysical validation experiment showed that this contrast ratio is sufficient to probe single foveal photoreceptor cells with small and easily perceivable stimuli that do not contain a detectable background. This background-free stimulation allows the photoreceptors to be probed (i) with lower light intensities and (ii) closer to the absolute threshold. Furthermore, a larger dynamic range in displayable light levels can drive photoreceptor responses in cones as well as in rods.
Commonly occurring small shifts in eye position during in vivo testing displace a stimulus by a significant amount when the transverse chromatic offset (TCO) is only statically compensated, thus ruling out reliable testing of an individual cell. Therefore a method was developed that requires only a single measurement of the TCO during controlled horizontal and vertical displacements of the eye to map retinal chromatic image shifts to the image space of a pupil camera. After such a calibration, the TCO was compensated for by continuously monitoring the eye position during experimentation and by interpolating correction vectors from a linear fit to the calibration data. This solution enabled real-time compensation of the TCO with high spatial precision an essential element for accurate foveolar cone-targeted psychophysical experimentation.
These refinements were successfully applied in order to conduct the first study assessing sensitivity in the foveola by single cell stimulation. Therein, it was tested how far the special cellular organization at the very center of human retina is reflected in the sensitivity to light. Eccentricity, cone size as well as outer segment length showed a significant influence on the sensitivity thresholds. Furthermore, variability between individual test sites was much higher than compared to intra test site variability (0.6 log10 versus 0.1 log10 photons) which was assumed to be the result of individual cone weighting.
These findings regarding foveolar sensitvity as well as the developed optimizations itself, will positively impact future fundamental research assessing the foveolar cone-cone interactions, ultimately leading to a better understanding of retinal pathologies and their treatment.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/9342}
}

Die folgenden Nutzungsbestimmungen sind mit dieser Ressource verbunden:

Namensnennung-Nicht kommerziell 4.0 International