Pkhikidze, Nino: Roads, Geography, and Connectivity: Economic Impacts of Road Infrastructure in Georgia and Armenia. - Bonn, 2021. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-64880
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/9488,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-64880,
author = {{Nino Pkhikidze}},
title = {Roads, Geography, and Connectivity: Economic Impacts of Road Infrastructure in Georgia and Armenia},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2021,
month = dec,

note = {Adequate road infrastructure is considered one of the major factors for economic development. The improvement of connectivity has been crucial for the development agenda. This has resulted in rapid increase in infrastructure spending in low- and middle-income countries in the last decades. This thesis attempts to identify the economic impacts of road rehabilitation and construction projects by drawing evidence from Georgia and Armenia, middle income countries from the South Caucasus region.
Improved road infrastructure increases the urban perimeter, connecting people to jobs and markets. Chapter 2 studies this link. By drawing evidence from Armenia, the chapter examines how road quality affects rural employment. The analysis combines two different sets of data and two methodologies to study this question. A historical setting of roads during the Russian Empire is used for identifying exogenous variation of road quality in the country. The analysis show that proximity to better quality roads (one unit increase in log distance) results in a 5.7 percentage point increase in the probability of working in a non-agricultural sector, a 5.1 percentage point increase in the probability of having a skilled manual job, and 9.3 percentage points higher likelihood of women getting cash earnings.
Road infrastructure has linkages with other hard and soft infrastructure. Building on Hirschman's linkages and Christaller's Central Place Theory, the following chapter studies the impact of large-scale road rehabilitation projects on access to utility services and facilities by rural households in Georgia. Using Euclidean straight-line connector and least-cost path spanning tree instrumental variables, the results show that households living in settlements which happened to lie near rehabilitated roads were more likely to have access to different utility services and facilities in the house. The closer a household lives to an improved road (one unit increase in log distance or 2,7 times increase in km), the probability to have access to gas increases by 5.3 percentage points, waste disposal by 10.4 percentage points, and the Internet by 2 percentage points. Households closer to improved roads are shown to be 8.7 percentage points more likely to have running water inside house, 9.2 percentage points more likely to have shower at home, and 3.8 percentage points more likely to use electricity or gas as main source of heating.
Different types of roads serve different purposes. While major roads and highways are built to connect urban centers, access and local roads serve farmers to reach local markets. The last chapter examines the heterogeneous impacts of different types of rehabilitated roads by using a difference-in-difference estimation method on road improvement projects in Georgia. The analysis of the short-term impacts of road infrastructure projects found that rural households that received improved roads increased their overall spending on non-food items by 35%, and spending on education by 47%. The effects were stronger if the rehabilitated road was an access or a local road. Households in treated settlements have also seen their regular income increase by 36.6%.
These results call for goal oriented spatial transport network planning to improve connectivity of rural settlements to urban centers, markets and jobs, and highlight the linkages that improved connectivity brings to households.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/9488}
}

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