Savi, Merveille Koissi: Modeling the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in malaria transmission and control in urban Ghana. - Bonn, 2022. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-65710
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/9658,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-65710,
author = {{Merveille Koissi Savi}},
title = {Modeling the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in malaria transmission and control in urban Ghana},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2022,
month = mar,

note = {In West Africa malaria is an endemic disease and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Over the years advances in mathematical modeling have improved understanding of the disease’s operational mechanisms. However, the heterogeneity in malaria epidemics as well as the impact of human behavior toward the adoption of protective measures, such as the use of the insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), have not yet been sufficiently documented using a mechanistic modeling approach.
In this study, i) the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the transmission of malaria at a fine-scale was characterized while identifying the prevailing conditions of association between malaria transmission and urbanization; ii) the main drivers of heterogeneity in the transmission and control of malaria in urban areas were identified by revealing the interplay between the drivers; iii) the efficiency of the insecticide-treated bed-net rolled out in Accra was modeled by accounting for the spatial heterogeneity of the uptake behavior of communities.
The characterization of the epidemic in urban settings was done using statistical modeling approaches. A participatory system thinking approach was used, combined with network analysis to assess the key covariates that contribute to the persistence of malaria in urban settings. A mathematical framework that incorporated the empirical findings was developed to show the impact of human behavior on the persistence of malaria. Malaria incidence proved to be highly heterogeneous over spaces, seasons, and age. Beyond, the association between malaria and urbanization is not always linear and in urban settings, malaria can be higher than in rural areas. Additional sources of heterogeneity in urban malaria epidemics are vegetation cover and population density. The denser both the population and the vegetation are, the higher is malaria incidence. Moreover, malaria transmission in big cities such as Accra and Kumasi follows a diffusion process, with the center of the cities having the highest incidences.
On the other hand, 45 interactive drivers of the transmission and persistence of malaria in urban settings were recorded. Among this set of determinants, human behavior, revealed by the network analysis, turned out to be a major contributing factor that hinders the control of malaria in urban settings. No evidence of a relationship between uptake and ownership of ITN in the communities surveyed in Accra was found. Several reasons explain the reluctance of ITN adoption such as the decay of the nets. The model demonstrated that the infectiousness of malaria is underestimated when space and human behavior heterogeneities are not accounted for.
Therefore particular emphasis should be given to the education of communities. This will foster the uptake of the ongoing non-pharmaceutical measure and allow reducing the malaria burden in cities.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/9658}
}

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